Copper‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Borylstannylation of Alkynes

Regio‐ and stereoselective installation of boryl and stannyl moieties into a carbon–carbon triple bond of various alkynes has been achieved based on a three‐component coupling reaction by using a diboron and a tin alkoxide with the aid of a copper(II) acetate–tricyclohexylphosphine complex, giving diverse vic‐borylstannylalkenes in a straightforward manner. Carbon–tin and carbon–boron bonds of the resulting borylstannylation product are successively transformed into carbon–carbon bonds by a Migita–Kosugi–Stille and a Suzuki–Miyaura coupling, leading to the formation of (Z)‐tamoxifen with anti‐breast cancer activity.     

Analysis of stress-strain relations by use of an anisotropic hardening plastic potential

A method of analyzing plastic behavior by use of an anisotropic hardening plastic potential is proposed. The plastic potential surface in deviatoric stress space is assumed to be the same as the equi-plastic-strain surface. Stress-strain relations in combined loading and in multi-axial cyclic loading are calculated by use of the anisotropic hardening plastic potential and the normality rule of the plastic strain increment vector to the plastic potential surface, which are experimentally determined or confirmed by subjecting thinwalled tubular test specimens of $\text{60}\text{40}$ brass to combined axial load, internal pressure and torsion. The calculated results agree fairly well with the experimental observations.     

The effect of shock pressures on the inactivation of a marine Vibrio sp.

The effect of shock pressures on the inactivation of a marine Vibrio sp. was studied experimentally and numerically. In the experiment, an aluminum impactor plate accelerated by a gas gun was used to induce shock waves in a sealed aluminum container with cell suspension liquid inside. The shock pressures in the container were measured by a piezofilm gauge. Several 10–100 MPa of pressure were measured at the shock wave front. An FEM simulation, using the Johnson–Cook model for solid aluminum and the Tait equation for the suspension liquid, was carried out in order to know the generation mechanism of shock pressures in the aluminum container. The reflection, diffraction and interaction of shock waves at the solid–liquid boundaries in the aluminum container were reasonably predicted by the numerical simulation. The changes in shock pressures obtained from the computational simulation were in good agreement with those from the experiment. The number of viable cells decreased with the increase of peak pressures of the shock waves. Peak pressures higher than 200 MPa completely inactivated the cells. At this pressure, the cell structures were deformed like the shape of red blood cells, and some proteins leaked from the cells. These results indicate that the positive and negative pressure fluctuations generated by shock waves contribute to the inactivation of the marine Vibrio sp.      

Multiple sclerosis: Benefits of q-space imaging in evaluation of normal-appearing and periplaque white matter

Introduction

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) reveals white matter pathology in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). A recent non-Gaussian diffusion imaging technique, q-space imaging (QSI), may provide several advantages over conventional MRI techniques in regard to in vivo evaluation of the disease process in patients with MS. The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of root mean square displacement (RMSD) derived from QSI data to characterize plaques, periplaque white matter (PWM), and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) in patients with MS.

Methods

We generated apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) maps by using conventional DTI data from 21 MS patients; we generated RMSD maps by using QSI data from these patients. We used the Steel–Dwass test to compare the diffusion metrics of regions of interest in plaques, PWM, and NAWM.

Results

ADC differed (P < 0.05) between plaques and PWM and between plaques and NAWM. FA differed (P < 0.05) between plaques and NAWM. RMSD differed (P < 0.05) between plaques and PWM, plaques and NAWM, and PWM and NAWM.

Conclusion

RMSD values from QSI may reflect microstructural changes and white-matter damage in patients with MS with higher sensitivity than do conventional ADC and FA values.     

Detuning-dependent narrowing of Mollow triplet lines of driven quantum dots

We study the two-time correlation function and the resonance fluorescence spectrum of a semi-conductor quantum dot excited by a strong off-resonant laser pulse. The obtained analytic expressions exhibit a specific detuning-dependent damping of Rabi oscillations of the dressed quantum dot as well as a detuning-dependent width of Mollow triplet lines. In the absence of pure dephasing, the central peak of the triplet is broadened upon increasing detuning, but the blue- and red-side peaks are narrowed. We demonstrate that the pure dephasing processes can invert these dependences. A crossover between the regimes of detuning-dependent narrowing and broadening of the side and central peaks is identified. The predicted effects are consistent with recent experimental results and numerical calculations.     

Adaptive Bayes type estimators of ergodic diffusion processes from discrete observations

We consider adaptive Bayesian estimation of both drift and diffusion coefficient parameters for ergodic multidimensional diffusion processes based on sampled data. Under a general condition on the discretization step of the sampled data, three kinds of adaptive Bayes type estimators are proposed by applying adaptive maximum likelihood type methods of Uchida and Yoshida (Stoch Process Appl 122:2885–2924, 2012) to Bayesian procedures. We show asymptotic normality and convergence of moments for the adaptive Bayes type estimators by means of the Ibragimov–Has’minskii–Kutoyants program together with the polynomial type large deviation inequality for the statistical random field.     

Novel electrochemical sensor for the selective recognition of chlorogenic acid

In this article, we demonstrate the fabrication and simultaneous fluorescent detection of two biomarkers related to lung cancer. Polystyrene microspheres (PSM) were introduced as biomolecular immobilizing carriers and a 96-well filter plate was used as the separation platform. The whole experiment could be effectively carried out in a homogeneous system, as exemplified by the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and neuron specific enolase (NSE). First, two capture antibodies for CEA and NSE were immobilized on the PSM surface. Next, they reacted successively with two antigens and two modified detection antibodies. Finally, these two biomarkers could be recognized by streptavidin-conjugated quantum dots (QD) and goat-anti-FITC conjugated QD with a detection limit of 0.625 ng mL(-1), which was lower than the clinical cut-off level. The protocol showed good precision within 6.36% and good recovery in the range of 90.86-105.02%. Compared with several other assay formats reported previously, our new technique is competitive or even better. Furthermore, the immunosensor was successfully illustrated in 20 serum samples. Overall, this new immunoassay offers a promising alternative for the detection of biomarkers related to cancer diseases, taking advantage of simplicity, specificity, sensitivity and cost-efficiency.     

Influence of swallowing Aids on the adsorption and palatability of Kremezin®

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of three swallowing aids on the adsorbent properties and palatability of a mixture of the oral charcoal adsorbent, Kremezin?. None of the swallowing aids had any effect on the adsorption of indole by Kremezin?, either in vitro and in vivo. In gustatory sensation tests of the palatability of the swallowing aids with Kremezin?, 14 items were evaluated according to the semantic differential (SD) method. Factor analysis of the results identified two main factors 'Remaining after removing from mouth' and 'Sense of holding in mouth' as predominantly determining the palatability. The swallowing aid with the highest viscosity allowed the best dispersion of Kremezin?, and also improved the palatability of Kremezin? the most.