The daily radon dose in body organs caused by drinking milk and water

Milk is considered as the richest nutrition, being used by people. When drinking milk or water the radon gas will transfer from air to them rapidly. Since milk is majorly composed of water, probably radon existence in livestock consumable water could be the main cause of its presence in milk. Different portion of milk changed by radon gamma ray and consumption of radon included water or milk has its effects on the human body. For investigation the effect of radon in water or milk on human organs, this study has been done in two phases with MCNPX software. In the first phase, the dose rate of absorbed gamma ray by different portion of milk which is indoctrinated by 1 Bq/m³ of radon during a day is calculated. Moreover, the effects shown by milk and its components in radon gamma spectrum, which is demonstrator of milk absorption spectrum, are also surveyed. In the second phase as well, according to the human body phantom, the absorbed gamma dose caused by daily consumption of indoctrinated water or milk with 1 Bq/m³ radon is calculated. The production rate of free radicals in milk and its different components are derived according to escape data of MCNPX code.     

Ionic Strength Effect on the Stability of the V(V) + IDA Complex

In this research the interaction of dioxovanadium(V) with iminodiacetic acid has been considered at 25 °C and pH=1.00–2.50 in an ionic strength range of 0.1 to 1.0 mol⋅dm⁻³ of NaClO₄ by UV spectrophotometric and potentiometric techniques. Only one species, VO₂H₂L⁺, was assumed on the basis of two stoichiometric models. The extended Debye-Hückel theory predicts the first order effects in simple electrolyte solutions. Interactions between the reacting species and the ionic medium are taken into account in the specific ion interaction model. Parabolic, specific ion interaction, and extended Debye-Hückel models have been compared and it has been shown that the parabolic model with two coefficients is satisfactory for this complexation reaction. The results have also been compared with the literature values.     

Ranking DMUs by ideal points with interval data in DEA

An original DEA model is to evaluate each DMU optimistically, but the interval DEA model proposed in this paper has been formulated to obtain an efficiency interval consisting of evaluations from both the optimistic and the pessimistic viewpoints.     

Using KKM technique in set-valued optimization problems and variational-like inequalities

KKM technique has proved a very useful tool in many areas of analysis. This paper aims to use this technique to give some necessary and sufficient conditions for set-valued optimization problems. We also use the KKM technique to introduce sufficient conditions for solution existence of some kinds of variational-like inequalities and thereby setvalued optimization problems.     

Comparison of the application of Debye-Huckel and specific ion interaction theories for the complexation of tungsten(VI) with ethylenediaminediacetic acid

Equilibrium of the reaction of tungsten(VI) with ethylenediaminediacetic acid (EDDA) has been investigated in aqueous solution of pH 7.5 and 25°C. All measurements have been carried out at different ionic strengths ranging from (0.1 to 1.0) mol dm⁻³ (NaClO₄). According to our results the metal to ligand ratio is 1: 1. Stability constants and stoichiometry of the complex have been determined from a combination of potentiometric and UV spectroscopic measurements. In this semi-empirical model, two parameters have been introduced in a Debye-Huckel type equation based on the Gauss—Newton nonlinear least-squares method and minimizing the sum of the squares of the errors. Comparison of the ionic strength effect on these complex formation reactions has been made using a Debye-Huckel type equation and Bronsted—Guggenheim—Scatchard specific ion interaction theory (SIT). Published in Russian in Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 2009, Vol. 54, No. 5, pp. 864–868. The article is published in the original     

Classification of 6‐(14,7,4) designs with nontrivial automorphism groups

In this paper, we introduce some intersection matrices for t‐designs. Utilizing these matrices together with a modified version of a backtracking algorithm, we classify all 6‐(14,7,4) and 5‐(13,6,4) designs with nontrivial automorphism groups and obtain 13 and 21 such designs, respectively. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 10: 180–194, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ) DOI 10.1002/jcd.10004     

Sulfonated palladium(II) N‐heterocyclic carbene complex immobilized on nano–micro size poly(4‐vinylpyridinium chloride) for Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction

The sulfonated palladium(II) N‐heterocyclic carbene complex Pd^II(NHC)SO₃^?, supported on poly(4‐vinylpyridinium chloride), was used as a heterogeneous, recyclable and active catalyst for the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction. This catalyst was applied for coupling of various aryl halides with phenylboronic acid and the corresponding products were obtained in excellent yields and short reaction times. The catalyst was characterized using Fourier transform infrared and diffuse reflectance UV–visible spectroscopies, scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis. After each reaction, the catalyst was recovered easily by simple filtration and reused several times without significant loss of its catalytic activity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Improvement of the Bioactivity of UHMWPE by Two Different Atmospheric Plasma Treatments

Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing - In this research work we demonstrated that a helium/oxygen Dielectric Barrier Discharge conferred hydrophilic functional groups onto the surface, which lead...     

Preparation of titanium dioxide nanostructure from ilmenite through sulfate-leaching process and solvent extraction by D<Subscript>2</Subscript>EHPA

In this study, TiO₂ nanoparticles have been obtained from low-grade ilmenite ore via two consecutive acid digestion and solvent extraction processes. The as-extracted TiO₂ (Anatase phase) product was characterized using techniques such as XRD, XRF, FESEM, FTIR and BET surface area. Diluted sulfuric acid and D₂EHPA (bis-(2-ethyl-hexyl) phosphoric acid) were used as digester agent and an extraction solvent, respectively. The effects of main parameters such as recycling capacities and D₂EHPA concentration, as well as the extraction time and temperature on TiO₂ extraction were investigated. The results demonstrated that the best performance and efficiency for titanium and total iron uptake were 99 and 3.8%, respectively, at the lowest concentration of D₂EHPA.