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921.
Second-order stochastic dominance (SSD) is widely recognised as an important decision criterion in portfolio selection. Unfortunately,
stochastic dominance models are known to be very demanding from a computational point of view. In this paper we consider two
classes of models which use SSD as a choice criterion. The first, proposed by Dentcheva and Ruszczyński (J Bank Finance 30:433–451,
2006), uses a SSD constraint, which can be expressed as integrated chance constraints (ICCs). The second, proposed by Roman
et al. (Math Program, Ser B 108:541–569, 2006) uses SSD through a multi-objective formulation with CVaR objectives. Cutting
plane representations and algorithms were proposed by Klein Haneveld and Van der Vlerk (Comput Manage Sci 3:245–269, 2006)
for ICCs, and by Künzi-Bay and Mayer (Comput Manage Sci 3:3–27, 2006) for CVaR minimization. These concepts are taken into
consideration to propose representations and solution methods for the above class of SSD based models. We describe a cutting
plane based solution algorithm and outline implementation details. A computational study is presented, which demonstrates
the effectiveness and the scale-up properties of the solution algorithm, as applied to the SSD model of Roman et al. (Math
Program, Ser B 108:541–569, 2006). 相似文献
922.
Hörmann M Traxler H Ba-Ssalamah A Mlynarik V Shodaj-Baghini M Kubiena H Trattnig S 《Magnetic resonance imaging》2003,21(8):879-885
Aim of this study was o evaluate the effectiveness of high-resolution MR imaging in demonstrating the anatomic structure of peripheral nerves of different diameter and composition. The dissected sciatic, ulnar, and proper palmar digital nerve of fresh cadavers were imaged at pre-selected landmarks on a 3T MR scanner. The nerves were then embedded in formalin, sliced, stained, and microscopically analyzed. The size, shape, and signal intensity of the sheath and axonal structures in the nerves at the landmarks were identified in MR images by comparison with histologic sections. The fascicles were clearly distinguished and counted in all specimens with MR imaging and showed only small differences from the histologic evaluation. High resolution MR imaging has the potential to visualize the fascicular structure in nerves of all sizes, which may be helpful in the preoperative assessment. 相似文献
923.
YS Moroz S Demeshko M Haukka A Mokhir U Mitra M Stocker P Müller F Meyer IO Fritsky 《Inorganic chemistry》2012,51(14):7445-7447
A dodecanuclear 3 × [2 × 2] nickel(II) complex has been obtained via the self-association of three tetranuclear [2 × 2] molecular grids. X-ray diffraction shows a "propeller-like" structure of the [Ni(4)](3) scaffold with a central μ(3)-hydroxide. The dodecanuclear species remains stable in solution and can be deposited without decomposition on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite surfaces. 相似文献
924.
We present a theory for polyelectrolyte gels that allow the effective charge of the polymer backbone to self-regulate. Using a variational approach, we obtain an expression for the free energy of gels that accounts for the gel elasticity, free energy of mixing, counterion adsorption, local dielectric constant, electrostatic interaction among polymer segments, electrolyte ion correlations, and self-consistent charge regularization on the polymer strands. This free energy is then minimized to predict the behavior of the system as characterized by the gel volume fraction as a function of external variables such as temperature and salt concentration. We present results for the volume transition of polyelectrolyte gels in salt-free solvents, solvents with monovalent salts, and solvents with divalent salts. The results of our theoretical analysis capture the essential features of existing experimental results and also provide predictions for further experimentation. Our analysis highlights the importance of the self-regularization of the effective charge for the volume transition of gels in particular, and for charged polymer systems in general. Our analysis also enables us to identify the dominant free energy contributions for charged polymer networks and provides a framework for further investigation of specific experimental systems. 相似文献
925.
Sagar P. PathareKrishnacharya G. Akamanchi 《Tetrahedron letters》2012,53(7):871-875
A straightforward, mild, efficient, and general method has been developed for the synthesis of α-aminonitriles via Strecker reaction starting from aldehydes or ketones, amines, and trimethylsilyl cyanide in the presence of sulfated tungstate as a heterogeneous mild solid acid catalyst at room temperature and solvent free condition. The developed method has been successfully applied for the synthesis of a wide range of α-aminonitriles with variable functionality. 相似文献
926.
The localization–delocalization of a particle in a cyclic box is studied by examination of its Shannon information entropy
and standard deviation. These results are compared to the particle in a box model, in ground and also in excited states. We
show how a cyclic symmetry imposes that the ground state is more delocalized in the cyclic box as compared to the particle
in a box. However, excited states in both models exhibit the same localization. The differences between the Shannon entropy
and the standard deviation are discussed and the analysis is then extended to consider multiple particles in both models. 相似文献
927.
928.
Roy K Mitra I Kar S Ojha PK Das RN Kabir H 《Journal of chemical information and modeling》2012,52(2):396-408
Quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models used for prediction of property of untested chemicals can be utilized for prioritization plan of synthesis and experimental testing of new compounds. Validation of QSPR models plays a crucial role for judgment of the reliability of predictions of such models. In the QSPR literature, serious attention is now given to external validation for checking reliability of QSPR models, and predictive quality is in the most cases judged based on the quality of predictions of property of a single test set as reflected in one or more external validation metrics. Here, we have shown that a single QSPR model may show a variable degree of prediction quality as reflected in some variants of external validation metrics like Q2(F1), Q2(F2), Q2(F3), CCC, and r2(m) (all of which are differently modified forms of predicted variance, which theoretically may attain a maximum value of 1), depending on the test set composition and test set size. Thus, this report questions the appropriateness of the common practice of the "classic" approach of external validation based on a single test set and thereby derives a conclusion about predictive quality of a model on the basis of a particular validation metric. The present work further demonstrates that among the considered external validation metrics, r2(m) shows statistically significantly different numerical values from others among which CCC is the most optimistic or less stringent. Furthermore, at a given level of threshold value of acceptance for external validation metrics, r2(m) provides the most stringent criterion (especially with Δr2(m) at highest tolerated value of 0.2) of external validation, which may be adopted in the case of regulatory decision support processes. 相似文献
929.
Mitra Ghassemzadeh Babak Rezaeirad Samira Bahemmat Bernhard Neumüller 《Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society》2012,9(3):285-296
Some new Schiff bases, (Z)-4-amino-3-((E)-(R-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazono)-6-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-5(2H)-one (R?=?2 (L2), R?=?3 (L3) and R?=?4 (L4)), were synthesized by the condensation reactions of 4-amino-3-hydrazinyl-6-methyl-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one (L1) and corresponding methoxybenzaldehyde in a molar ratio 1:1.5 in high yields. The reaction of L2 and L4 with an excess amount of the corresponding aldehydes gave the unsymmetrical bis-Schiff bases (E)-3-((E)-(R-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazono)-4-((E)-R-methoxybenzylideneamino)-6-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-5(2H)-one (R?=?2 (L22) and R?=?4 (L44)), respectively. Furthermore, the reaction of L2?CL4 with silver(I) nitrate in a molar ratio 2:1 led to the silver(I)-complexes with the general formula [Ag(Lx)2]NO3 (Lx?=?L2 (2), L3 (3) and L4 (4)). All synthesized Schiff base compounds and complexes were characterized by a combination of IR-, 1H-NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analyses. In addition, the structures of L2, L4·CH3CN, L22·CH3OH and L44·CH3OH and complexes 2 and 4 were determined by X-ray diffraction studies. 相似文献
930.
The synthesis of stilbenoids and styryl carboxylic acids is accomplished with high E-stereoselectivity by olefination of aldehydes with thiophthalides under basic conditions. The olefination is highly atom-efficient as it only loses elemental sulfur during the reaction. This olefination, in conjunction with retro Kolbe-Schmitt reaction, allows facile synthesis of E-hydroxystilbenoids with minimal employment of protecting groups. This study also discloses two important findings: formation of i) 4-methylsulfanyl isocoumarins and ii) an 2-arylindenone. 相似文献