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51.
    
Unconventional binary glasses in the system Na2O–Bi2O3 have prepared by a conventional press‐quenching technique. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), infrared (IR) spectra, density (ρ) and, molar volume (Vm) and dc conductivity (σ) of these glasses were reported. The overall features of XRD curves confirm the amorphous nature of the present glasses. SEM investigation shows a surface without any microstructure, which is a characteristic of the amorphous phase. Systematic variation of the glass transition temperature (Tg), density and IR spectra observed in these glasses indicates significant structural change with composition. Their variation with the composition has been explained by taking into consideration the structure of these glasses. From IR spectra, we conclude the presence of BiO3 pyramidal and BiO6 octahedral units in the glass structure. From the density (ρ) and molar volume (Vm), the BiO6 octahedral units are transformed into BiO3 pyramidal units because Na+1 are introduced within the network of the glass as a modifier and consequently change the structural units into a more open structure. Tg was observed to decrease with an increase in Na2O content and to lie between 330 °C and 366 °C. The dc conductivity has been explained in terms of the structure of bismuthate glasses. At lower compositions of Na2O, the small variation in conductivity and activation energy has been attributed to the occupancy of Na+ ions at the interstices of BiO6 octahedra, acting as a charge compensator, while at higher concentrations of Na2O, the conductivity increases rapidly due to the formation of weak nonbridging oxygen (NBO) sodium ionic bond. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   
52.
This work explores the application of digitalimage-processing techniques to the measurement of large plastic strains. Two sample problems have been selected, namely the uniform tensile deformation of aluminum-sheet metal strips and the post-necking deformation of copper circular rods. Images of these gridded metallic test pleces were captured, digitized and analyzed in a fully computerized way to evaluate strain distributions, anisotropic parameters and plastic stress-strain flow curves. For post-necked test pieces, Bridgman stress correction has been easily applied by defining the neck profile contour from the automated processing of digitized images. Results compare satisfactorily with those based on displacements measured by conventional microscopy. The presented technique, with added improvements, can consititute a viable one for accurate and fully computerized measurement of large deformations.  相似文献   
53.
Treatment of 3-cyanoacetylpyrazole derivative 1 with phenyl isothiocyanate in potassium hydroxide at room temperature followed by α-haloketones 4a–d and hydrazonoyl halides 10a–e gave the corresponding pyrazolylthiophene 6a–d and pyrazolyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole 12a–e derivatives, respectively.  相似文献   
54.
55.
Zusammenfassung Der beschriebene Meßaufbau gestattet, den gerichteten spektralen Emissionsgrad im Wellenlängenbereich von 2,5 µm bis 45 µm bei Temperaturen zwischen 80°C und 400°C zu bestimmen. Die Proben müssen für Strahlung der untersuchten Wellenlänge undurchlässig sein und einen Durchmesser zwischen 50 mm und 90 mm bei einer Dicke bis zu 10 mm haben. Die Standardabweichung bei der Bestimmung des spektralen Emissionsgrades beträgt 1,0%. Zur Bestimmung des spektralen Emissionsgrades werden die spektralen Strahldichten des Schwarzen Körpers und der Probenoberfläche bei bekannter Temperatur mit einem Fourierspektrometer verglichen. Die problematische Bestimmung der Probenoberflächentemperatur geschieht mittels der Fourierschen Wärmeleitungsgleichung mit der bekannten, gesondert zu bestimmenden Wärmeleitfähigkeit der Probe und dem berechneten Energieverlust der Oberfläche an die Umgebung durch Leitung, Konvektion und Strahlung. Zur Überprüfung der Meßergebnisse wurde der senkrechte spektrale Emissionsgrad an drei beschichteten Glasproben gemessen, an denen bei einem internationalen Vergleich der Gesamtemissionsgrad gemessen wurde. Die aus den hier bestimmten spektralen Werten berechneten senkrechten Gesamtemissionsgrade zeigten eine sehr hohe Übereinstimmung mit den Werten aus dem internationalen Vergleich und anderen Meßwerten.
Determination of the directional spectral emissivity of solids in the spectral range from 2.5 µm to 45 µm at temperatures between 80°C and 350°C
The measuring set-up described allows the directional spectral emissivity to be determined in the wavelength range from 2.5 ¶m to 45 ¶m at temperatures between 80°C and 400°C. The samples must be opaque to radiation of the wavelength investigated. They must have a diameter of between 50 mm and 90 mm and be up to 10 mm thick. The uncertainty of the determination of the spectral emissivity amounts to 1.0%. To determine the spectral emissivity, the spectral radiances of black-body and sample surface are compared at known temperature using a Fourier spectrometer. The problematic determination of the sample surface temperature is carried out on the basis of Fourier's equation of thermal conduction, making use of the known thermal conductivity of the sample (which must be separately determined) and the calculated energy loss from the surface to the environment by conduction, convection and radiation. To check the measurement results, the vertical spectral emissivity was measured on three coated glass samples whose total emissivity had been measured in an international comparison. The total vertical emissivities calculated from the spectral values determined here show very good agreement with the values obtained in the international comparison and with other measurement values.
  相似文献   
56.
    
Similar to the antibiotic mixing strategies, which depend on reducing the worth of diffusion of the resistant bacteria to new host, in this contribution, we explicit new mixed-ligand complexes of the type [M(SMZ)2(BZM)] (M = Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II)) based on two drugs: sulfamethazine (SMZ) and bromazepam (BZM). The novelty aspect of the present work relies on combining two drugs in a single molecule via the synthesis of the ternary complexes. The ternary complexes were characterized by spectroscopic and analytical tools with the aid of the quantum chemical calculations. Copper(II) complex has the highest DNA intrinsic binding constant (2.20 × 105 M−1), induces extensively DNA cleavage compared to the other complexes, and exhibits the highest cytotoxicity (IC50 = 0.67 μM) against human liver cancer cell line (HepG2). Exciting, Cu(II) compound exhibits no toxicity to the nonmalignant human foetal lung fibroblast (WI-38). Alternatively, the low cytotoxicity of the Co(II) complex correlates well with the high affinity of the compound to human serum albumin (Kb = 4.58 × 105) compared to 1.93 × 105 and 2.14 × 105 M−1 for Ni (II) and Cu (II) complexes, respectively.  相似文献   
57.
    
The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which caused the COVID-19 infection, was discovered two and a half years ago. It caused a global pandemic, resulting in millions of deaths and substantial damage to the worldwide economy. Currently, only a few vaccines and antiviral drugs are available to combat SARS-CoV-2. However, there has been an increase in virus-related research, including exploring new drugs and their repurposing. Since discovering penicillin, natural products, particularly those derived from microbes, have been viewed as an abundant source of lead compounds for drug discovery. These compounds treat bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and viral infections. This review incorporates evidence from the available research publications on isolated and identified natural products derived from microbes with anti-hepatitis, anti-herpes simplex, anti-HIV, anti-influenza, anti-respiratory syncytial virus, and anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties. About 131 compounds with in vitro antiviral activity and 1 compound with both in vitro and in vivo activity have been isolated from microorganisms, and the mechanism of action for some of these compounds has been described. Recent reports have shown that natural products produced by the microbes, such as aurasperone A, neochinulin A and B, and aspulvinone D, M, and R, have potent in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity, targeting the main protease (Mpro). In the near and distant future, these molecules could be used to develop antiviral drugs for treating infections and preventing the spread of disease.  相似文献   
58.
    
Bio sustainable hydrogels including tunable morphological and/or chemical cues currently offer a valid strategy of designing innovative systems to enhance healing/regeneration processes of damaged tissue areas. In this work, TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (T-CNFs) were embedded in alginate (Alg) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution to form a stable mineralized hydrogel. A calcium chloride reaction was optimized to trigger a crosslinking reaction of polymer chains and mutually promote in situ mineralization of calcium phosphates. FTIR, XRD, SEM/EDAX, and TEM were assessed to investigate the morphological, chemical, and physical properties of different mineralized hybrid hydrogels, confirming differences in the deposited crystalline nanostructures, i.e., dicalcium phosphate dehydrate (DCPDH) and hydroxyapatite, respectively, as a function of applied pH conditions (i.e., pH 4 or 8). Moreover, in vitro tests, in the presence of HFB-4 and HSF skin cells, confirmed a low cytotoxicity of the mineralized hybrid hydrogels, and also highlighted a significant increase in cell viability via MTT tests, preferentially, for the low concentration, crosslinked Alg/PVA/calcium phosphate hybrid materials (<1 mg/mL) in the presence of hydroxyapatite. These preliminary results suggest a promising use of mineralized hybrid hydrogels based on Alg/PVA/T-CNFs for bone and wound healing applications.  相似文献   
59.
    
Pulicaria jaubertii is a medicinal herb that alleviates inflammations and fever. Chromatographic separation, phytochemical characterization, and in vitro biological activities of the plant n-hexane extract were conducted for the first time in this study. Six compounds were isolated for the first time from the n-hexane fraction of Pulicaria jaubertii aerial parts and were identified on the bases of NMR and MS analyses as pseudo-taraxaterol (1), pseudo-taraxasterol acetate (2), 3β-acetoxytaraxaster-20-en-30-aldehyde (3), calenduladiol-3-O-palmitate (4), stigmasterol (5), and α-tocospiro B (6). Compound (6) was a rare tocopherol-related compound and was isolated for the first time from family Asteraceae, while compound (3) was isolated for the first time from genus Pulicaria. The total alcoholic extract and n-hexane fraction were tested for their anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and cytotoxic activities. The n-hexane fraction has dose dependent red blood cells (RBCs) membrane stabilization and inhibition of histamine release activities with IC50: 60.8 and 72.9 µg/mL, respectively. As antidiabetic activity, the alcoholic extract exerted the most inhibition on the activity of yeast α-glucosidase, with an IC50: 76.8 µg/mL. The n-hexane fraction showed cytotoxic activity against hepatocarcinoma (HepG-2), breast carcinoma (MCF-7), and prostate carcinoma (PC-3) cell lines with IC50: 51.8, 90.8 and 62.2 µg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, the anti-inflammatory effect of Pulicaria jaubertii might be attributed to the triterpenoid constituents of the n-hexane extract of the plant.  相似文献   
60.
    
In this paper, we present a generalized Markov reliability and fault-tolerant model, which includes the effects of permanent fault and intermittent fault for reliability evaluations based on neural network techniques. The reliability of a consecutive r-out-of-n: F system was obtained with a three-layer connected neural network represents a discrete time state reliability Markov model of the system. Such that we fed the neural network with the desired reliability of the system under design. Then we extracted the parameters of the system from the neural weights at the convergence of the neural network to the desired reliability. Finally, we obtain simulation results.  相似文献   
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