MXenes as Emerging Materials: Synthesis,Properties, and Applications

Due to their unique layered microstructure, the presence of various functional groups at the surface, earth abundance, and attractive electrical, optical, and thermal properties, MXenes are considered promising candidates for the solution of energy- and environmental-related problems. It is seen that the energy conversion and storage capacity of MXenes can be enhanced by changing the material dimensions, chemical composition, structure, and surface chemistry. Hence, it is also essential to understand how one can easily improve the structure–property relationship from an applied point of view. In the current review, we reviewed the fabrication, properties, and potential applications of MXenes. In addition, various properties of MXenes such as structural, optical, electrical, thermal, chemical, and mechanical have been discussed. Furthermore, the potential applications of MXenes in the areas of photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, nitrogen fixation, gas sensing, cancer therapy, and supercapacitors have also been outlooked. Based on the reported works, it could easily be observed that the properties and applications of MXenes can be further enhanced by applying various modification and functionalization approaches. This review also emphasizes the recent developments and future perspectives of MXenes-based composite materials, which will greatly help scientists working in the fields of academia and material science.     

Non-Linear Transformations and Their Applications in Many-Body Physics

The transformations of the type which convert an exponential into a Gaussian and vice-versa and their applications in various areas of many-body physics are discussed. A new and general method of obtaining such transformations is given using the method of moments. It is compared with other methods which could be employed to obtain such transformations. In atomic physics, we have shown how such transformations can be used to obtain electron interaction energy for the ground state of Helium and Wigner transform for the ground state of H atom. It is shown how to bring angular momentum operators to linear form so that one can use the usual property of rotation operator to calculate their matrix elements. A new way of calculating the approximate eigenvalues of a Hamiltonian is given which combines the variational principles with the principle of maximum entropy. The anharmonic oscillator Hamiltonian is used to illustrate this new method. An interesting aspect of these transformations is that one could combine them with other transformations like Grassmann integration to calculate quantities of physical interest in closed form. A general matrix element of the harmonic oscillator is given which can be used to calculate usual quantities like the trace and density matrix. Some future applications are also discussed.     

Excited-state nonadiabatic dynamics simulations on the heptazine and adenine in a water environment: A mini review

Studying the excited-state decay process is crucial for materials research because what happens to the excited states determines how effective the materials are for many applications, such as photoluminescence and photocatalysis. The high computational cost, however, limits the use of high-accuracy theoretical approaches for analyzing research systems containing a significant number of atoms. Time-dependent density functional theory is a practical approach to investigate the photorelaxation processes in these systems, as demonstrated in the studies of the excited-state decays of heptazine-water clusters and adenine in water described in this review. Here, we highlight the importance of conical intersections in the excited-state decay processes of these systems using the aforementioned examples. In the heptazine-water and adenine-water systems, these intersections are associated with the photocatalytic water splitting reaction, caused by a barrierless reaction called water to adenine electron-driven proton transfer. We expect the result would be helpful for researching the excited-state decays of graphitic carbon nitride materials and DNA nucleotides.     

Interference structures in photoelectron intensity distribution and closed orbit in the system

The European Physical Journal D - The spectrum of quadruply ionized bismuth (Bi V) has been investigated in the vacuum ultraviolet region 190–1900 Å. Several bismuth...     

On the construction of some bioconjugate networks and their structural modeling via irregularity topological indices

The European Physical Journal E - In this article, we experimentally investigate the nonlinear behaviour of a viscoplastic film flow down an inclined plane. We focus on the nonlinear instabilities...