An Efficient Synthesis of Sulfo Lewis X Analog Containing 1-Deoxynojirimycin 1

Abstract

Sulfo Lewis^x analog containing 1-deoxynojirimycin (13) has been efficiently synthesized. Glycosidation of ethyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-1-thio-β-D-fucopyranoside (5) with O-2,6-di-O-benzoyl-3,4-isopropylidene-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1→4)-2,6-di-O-benzoyl-N-benzyloxycarbonyl-1,5-dideoxy-1,5-imino-D-glucitol (4), prepared from O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-1,5-dideoxy-1,5-imino-D-glucitol (1) via 3 steps, and subsequent acid hydrolysis of the isopropylidene group gave the desired trisaccharide diol derivative (7) in good yield. Compound 7 was easily converted into 3′-O-sulfo Lewis^x analog (13) via 6 steps in high yield.

     

A reduced hamiltonian model for U(∞) gauge theories

A reduced version of the Kogut-Susskind gauge theory is presented for U(∞) gauge theories. The reduced hamiltonian , where V_ij=trU_iD_iD_jD_j(U_iD_j) ⁺ (U_iD_j)⁺, is obtained by representing the group of space translations in the diagonal part of U(∞) U(∞). The space of states is invariant to the reduced gauge transformation U_i→ωU_iD_iω⁺D_i⁺ and the scalar product carries a gauge invariant constraint on U_i The hamiltonian is also expr essed in terms of the string variables of Bars. We present the linear potential between static quarks at strong coupling and sketch the weak coupling expansion.     

Relationship between 237Np Mössbauer parameters and bond distances in nitrogen coordinated [NpO2(acac)2py]

We now report the ²³⁷Np Mössbauer spectra for [NpO₂(acac)₂py] I. The neptunium(VI) ion in I is coordinated by six oxygen atoms and the one nitrogen atom of pyridine. The isomer shift value obtained for I is ?40 mm/s, which falls in the range for the Np(VI) oxidation state. The relationship between the isomer shift and Np–O bond distance of the neptunyl group for oxygen coordination compounds is in good agreement with the reported structure of I. It is well known that the mean Np–O bond distance of the neptunium compounds is shorter by 0.01 Å than that of analogous uranium compounds. The good agreement in the ²³⁷Np–Mössbauer parameters and the Np–O distance has indicated that the reported analogous [UO₂(acac)₂py] structure may have some inaccuracies. Therefore, we have re-determined the crystal structure of [UO₂(acac)₂py]. The U–O bond distance we have obtained is reasonable.     

Distinctive signatures for new particles in e+ e− annihilation and z-decay

New particles and new interactions reveal themselves most clearly where standard model contributions are negligibly small. A prominent example with this advantage is the one-lepton inclusive longitudinal structure function (W_L) in e⁺ e^? annihilation and Z-decay. We discuss general features of this approach and present structure functions for two types of new particles (heavy charged fermion, e.g. new sequential lepton or top quark; and supersymmetric scalar lepton, i.e. slepton), along with the (small) standard model “background”. The x-dependence of W_L provides a distinct signature of the identity of the new particle. Extensions of this approach are discussed.     

Growth of vertically aligned one-dimensional ZnO nanowire arrays on sol–gel derived ZnO thin films

Vertically aligned one-dimensional ZnO nanowire arrays have been synthesized by a hydrothermal method on sol–gel derived ZnO films. Sol–gel derived ZnO films and corresponding ZnO nanowire arrays have been characterized by X-ray diffraction and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. The effect of sol–gel derived ZnO film surface on the morphology of ZnO nanowire arrays has been investigated. The authors suggest from our investigation that sol–gel derived ZnO films affect the growth of one-dimensional ZnO nanostructures. Not only crystalline ZnO films but also amorphous ones can act as a scaffold for ZnO nucleus. Tilted ZnO micro-rods are grown on ZnO gel films, whereas vertically aligned ZnO nanowire arrays are grown on nanometer-sized ZnO grains. The average diameter of ZnO nanowire arrays are correlated strongly with the grain size of sol–gel derived ZnO films.     

Effective mass of electrons in BaPb1−xBixO3

The reflectivity spectra of BaPb_1?xBi_xO₃ were measured in near-infrared region in several samples. The effective masses for the metallic samples of compositions from x = 0 to 0.25 were estimated from the observed plasma edges to be 0.5–0.8 m_e. These values are rather small comparing with those in other typical high T_c superconductors.