Facile synthesis of 3-substituted quinazoline-2,4-dione and 2,3-di-substituted quinazolinone derivatives

3-Substituted quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione and 2,3-di-substituted quinazolineone derivatives attract considerable interest due to their pharmacological properties. In this paper, we report the synthesis of N-substituted-3-nitrophthalimide derivatives II?CIII, the reactions of phthalimide III with amines, hydrazines, and amino acid derivatives to synthesise a small library of 3-substituted-5-nitroquinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones IV?CXIV and 2,3-di-substituted-6-nitro-quinazolineones XVIII?CXIX.     

Complexation ability of kryptofix 22DD with lanthanum (III) cation in some binary mixed non-aqueous solvents

The complex formation between lanthanum (III) cation with kryptofix 22DD was studied in acetonitrile–dimethylformamide (AN–DMF), acetonitrile–methanol (AN–MeOH), acetonitrile–ethylacetate (AN–EtOAc) and acetonitrile–ethanol (AN–EtOH) binary solvent solutions at different temperatures by using conductometric method. The conductance data show that in all cases, the stoichiometry of the complex formed between the macrocyclic ligand and the metal cation is 1:1 [ML]. The stability order of (kryptofix 22DD.La)³⁺ complex in the studied binary solvent solutions at 25 °C was found to be: AN–EtOAc>AN–EtOH>AN–MeOH>AN–DMF and in the case of pure non-aqueous solvents at 25 °C was: EtOAc>EtOH>MeOH>AN>DMF. A non-linear behavior was observed for changes of logK_f of (kryptofix 22DD.La)³⁺ complex versus the composition of the binary mixed solvents, which was explained in terms of solvent–solvent interactions and also the preferential solvation of the species involved in the complexation reaction. The values of standard thermodynamic parameters (?H _c°, ?S _c°) for formation of (kryptofix 22DD.La)³⁺ complex were obtained from temperature dependence of the stability constant using the van’t Hoff plots.The results show that in most cases, the (kryptofix 22DD.La)³⁺ complex is enthalpy destabilized, but entropy stabilized and the values of these thermodynamic quantities for formation of the complex are quite sensitive to the nature and composition of the mixed solvents solution.     

Role of novel oxazocine derivative as corrosion inhibitor for 304 stainless steel in acidic chloride pickling solutions

Inhibition of 304 stainless steel corrosion in acidic chloride pickling (1.0 M HCl) solutions by newly synthesized oxazocine derivative 4 as a corrosion inhibitor have been studied using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, and atomic absorption spectroscopy investigations. Potentiodynamic polarization curves show that the inhibitor behaves as a mixed-type. The adsorption of the inhibitor on the metal surface in the acid solution was found to obey Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm. The inhibition mechanism of the investigated inhibitor was discussed in terms of its adsorption on the metal surface. The relationship between the molecular structure and the inhibition efficiency was elucidated by quantum chemical calculations.     

Uranium recovery from UCF liquid waste by nanoporous MCM-41: breakthrough capacity and elution behavior studies

Adsorption and recovery of uranium by nanoporous MCM-41 from aqueous solutions (synthetic solution and uranium conversion facility liquid waste) were investigated by use of a fixed-bed column (1.2 cm diameter and 3.0 cm height). Adsorption was carried out at flow rates 0.2 and 0.5 mL min^?1, which correspond to retention times of 10 and 6 min. The maximum breakthrough capacity for uranium ions was achieved by use of nanoporous MCM-41 at the optimum pH of 3.6 and flow rate 0.2 mL min^?1 (61.95 μg g^?1). The Thomas and Yan models were applied to the experimental data, by use of linear regression, to determine the characteristics of the column for process design. The breakthrough curves calculated from the models were in good agreement with the experimental data. The elution behavior of uranium on nanoporous MCM-41 was studied with different eluents; the results showed that 0.1 M HCl is good eluent for uranium recovery. The regenerated column could be used in a multitude of adsorption–desorption cycles.     

Three Validated Methods for Simultaneous Determination of Ofloxacin and Dexamethasone in Binary Mixture

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - Three selective, precise, and accurate methods were developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of ofloxacin and...     

A heterogeneous and reusable nanopolymer-supported palladium catalyst for the copper- and phosphine-free Sonogashira coupling reaction under aerobic conditions in water

We report here the synthesis of a nanopolymer-supported palladium(II) complex catalyst, [PS-tet-Pd(II)] using a simple protocol. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FT-IR, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). PS-tet-Pd(II) proves to be a useful heterogeneous catalyst in the copper- and phosphine-free Sonogashira coupling reaction in water. The catalyst can be recovered from the reaction mixture by simple filtration and reused several times without any significant loss of catalytic activity.     

Fiber optical parametric amplifiers in optical communication systems

The prospects for using fiber optical parametric amplifiers (OPAs) in optical communication systems are reviewed. Phase‐insensitive amplifiers (PIAs) and phase‐sensitive amplifiers (PSAs) are considered. Low‐penalty amplification at/or near 1 Tb/s has been achieved, for both wavelength‐ and time‐division multiplexed formats. High‐quality mid‐span spectral inversion has been demonstrated at 0.64 Tb/s, avoiding electronic dispersion compensation. All‐optical amplitude regeneration of amplitude‐modulated signals has been performed, while PSAs have been used to demonstrate phase regeneration of phase‐modulated signals. A PSA with 1.1‐dB noise figure has been demonstrated, and preliminary wavelength‐division multiplexing experiments have been performed with PSAs. 512 Gb/s have been transmitted over 6,000 km by periodic phase conjugation. Simulations indicate that PIAs could reach data rate x reach products in excess of 14,000 Tb/s × km in realistic wavelength‐division multiplexed long‐haul networks. Technical challenges remaining to be addressed in order for fiber OPAs to become useful for long‐haul communication networks are discussed.

     

Lights and Shadows of DMSO as Solvent for Tin Halide Perovskites

In 2020 dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), the ever-present solvent for tin halide perovskites, was identified as an oxidant for Sn^II. Nonetheless, alternatives are lacking and few efforts have been devoted to replacing it. To understand this trend it is indispensable to learn the importance of DMSO on the development of tin halide perovskites. Its unique properties have allowed processing compact thin-films to be integrated into tin perovskite solar cells. Creative approaches for controlling the perovskite crystallization or increasing its stability to oxidation have been developed relying on DMSO-based inks. However, increasingly sophisticated strategies appear to lead the field to a plateau of power conversion efficiency in the range of 10–15 %. And, while DMSO-based formulations have performed in encouraging means so far, we should also start considering their potential limitations. In this concept article, we discuss the benefits and limitations of DMSO-based tin perovskite processing.     

Assessment of Lewis-Acidic Surface Sites Using Tetrahydrofuran as a Suitable and Smart Probe Molecule

Measuring the Lewis-acidic surface sites in catalysis is problematic when the material‘s surface area is very low (S_BET ≤1 m² ⋅ g⁻¹). For the first time, a quantitative assessment of total acidic surface sites of very small surface area catalysts (MoO₃ as pure and mixed with 5–30 % CdO (wt/wt), as well as CdO for comparison) was performed using a smart new probe molecule, tetrahydrofuran (THF). The results were nearly identical compared to using another commonly used probe molecule, pyridine. This audition is based on the limited values of the surface area of these samples that likely require a relatively moderate basic molecule as THF with pK_b=16.08, rather than strong basic molecules such as NH₃ (pK_b=4.75) or pyridine (pK_b=8.77). We propose mechanisms for the interaction of vapour phase molecules of THF with the Lewis-cationic Mo and Cd atoms of these catalysts. Besides, dehydration of isopropyl alcohol was used as a probe reaction to investigate the catalytic activity of these catalysts to further support our findings in the case of THF in a temperature range of 175–300 °C. A good agreement between the obtained data of sample MoO₃-10 % CdO, which is characterised by the highest surface area value, the population of Lewis-acidic sites and % selectivity of propylene at all the applied reaction temperatures was found.     

Synthesis and Assessment of Two Malonyl Dihydrazide Derivatives as Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel in Acidic Media: Experimental and Theoretical Studies

Despite the extensive use of carbon steel in all industrial sectors, particularly in the petroleum industry, its low corrosion resistance is an ongoing problem for these industries. In the current work, two malonyl dihydrazide derivatives, namely 2,2’-malonylbis (N-phenylhydrazine-1-carbothiamide (MBC) and N’1, N’3-bis(-2-hydroxybenzylidene) malonohydrazide (HBM), were examined as inhibitors for the carbon steel corrosion in 1.0 M HCl. Both MBC and HBM were characterised using thin-layer chromatography, elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. The corrosion tests were performed using mass loss measurements, polarisation curves, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It is obtained from the mass loss studies that the optimal concentration for both inhibitors is 2.0 × 10⁻⁵ mol/L, and the inhibition efficiencies reached up to 90.7% and 84.5% for MBC and HBM, respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarisation (PDP) indicate an increased impedance in the presence of both MBC and HBM and mixed-type inhibitors, respectively. Both inhibitors can mitigate corrosion in the range of 298–328 K. Values of free energy changes obtained from the Langmuir model suggest that the inhibitors suppress the corrosion process principally by chemisorption. The computational investigations were conducted to identify the factors connected with the anti-corrosive properties of the examined inhibitors.