Antibacterial,Antioxidant and Binding Studies of Some Novel Diaryl Sulphide Derivatives

Abstract

A series of novel acyclic and cyclic diaryl sulphides was synthesized from 2,2′-dithiobenzoic acid. The various diaryl sulphides were characterized by use of spectral (IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR, ESI/MS) and elemental analyses. The antimicrobial activities of the compounds were evaluated in terms of their minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) against a panel of clinical isolates bacteria and were found to possess only moderate antimicrobial activities. N,N′-Bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2,2′-thiodibenzamide (13), exhibiting a hydroxy group at the phenyl ring, was the most active antimicrobial agent within the series, with MIC values of 0.05 mg mL^–1 and 10 mg mL^–1 against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus, respectively. The antioxidant efficiency of the diaryl sulphides was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity with 13 being the most active compound. The interaction of 2,2′-thiodibenzanilide, N,N′-bis(2-methylphenyl)-2,2′-thiodibenzamide, and N,N′-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2,2′-thiobenzamide with guanine, glutamic acid, and urea were studied quantitatively with binding constants ranging from 1 × 10³ M^?1 to 2.7 × 10⁴ M^?1.     

A modified electrode for the electrochemical detection of biogenic amines and their amino acid precursors separated by microchip capillary electrophoresis

The use of a mixed-valent ruthenium oxide/hexacyanoruthenate polymeric film electrochemically deposited onto glassy carbon electrodes is proposed here for the detection of biogenic amines and their amino acid precursors, following their separation by microchip capillary electrophoresis. The ability of this ruthenium coating to electrocatalyze the oxidation of aliphatic and heterocyclic amines, as well as their amino acid precursors, was checked by using ethanolamine, tryptamine and tryptophane as prototype compounds and adopting a 25 mM sulphuric acid as the electrolyte in the detection cell, where a constant potential of 1.05 V versus Ag/AgCl, 3 M KCl was applied to the modified working electrode. Optimization of parameters affecting both detection and separation steps led to satisfactory separations when performed by using a 20 mM phosphate running buffer (pH 2.5) and applying a high voltage of 2.5 kV both in the separation and in the electrokinetic injection (duration 4 s). The recorded peaks were characterized by good repeatability (RSD ≤ 3.6%), high sensitivity and a wide linear range. Detection limits of 23 μM (1.4 mg/L), 27 μM (4.3 mg/L) and 34 μM (6.8 mg/L) were inferred for ethanolamine, tryptamine and tryptophane, respectively. The approach proposed here was also applied for the analysis of some double malt dark beers spiked with a controlled amount of the analytes considered.     

Experimental determination and prediction of bilitranslocase transport activity

The transport activity of a membrane protein, bilitranslocase (T.C. # 2.A.65.1.1), which acts as a transporter of bilirubin from blood to liver cells, was experimentally determined for a large set of various endogenous compounds, drugs, purine and pyrimidine derivatives. On these grounds, the structure-activity models were developed following the OECD principles of QSAR models and their predictive ability for new chemicals was evaluated. The applicability domain of the models was estimated by Euclidean distances criteria according to the applied modeling method. The selection of the most influential structural variables was an important stage in the adopted modeling methodology. The interpretation of selected variables was performed in order to get an insight into the mechanism of transport through the cell membrane via bilitranslocase. Validation of the optimized models was performed by a previously determined validation set. The classification model was build to separate active from inactive compounds. The resulting accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.73, 0.89, and 0.64, respectively. Only active compounds were used to develop a predictive model for bilitranslocase inhibition constants. The model showed good predictive ability; Root Mean Squared error of the validation set, RMS(V)=0.29 log units.