综合利用稻壳制备木糖、电容炭与硅酸钙晶须

利用酸水解稻壳中的半纤维素制备木糖, 并将糖渣经过炭化后分离出碳和硅, 碳采用稀碱溶液活化改性制备电容炭, 硅采用水热法合成了硅酸钙晶须, 从而使稻壳所有组分得到充分利用. 采用循环伏安(CV)和恒流充放电(GCD)研究了电容炭的电化学性能. 通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所得硅酸钙晶须的结构和形貌进行了表征. 实验结果表明, 稻壳酸水解的最优条件为硫酸浓度7%(质量分数)、 固液比(g/mL)为1:8、 反应时间为2.0 h, 在该条件下, 一次水解、 二次水解和三次水解的木糖收率(Y₁/Y₂/Y₃)和浓度(质量分数, C₁/C₂/C₃)都能达到最大值, Y₁=98.5%, C₁=3.6%; Y₂=85.4%, C₂=6.3%; Y₃=76.6%, C₃=9.0%. 采用15 mL 8%(质量分数) NaOH稀碱溶液活化改性制得的电容炭(AC/15)比电容值为77.32 F/g, 而且具有较好的倍率性和循环稳定性; 硅酸钙晶须为扫帚状针钠钙石晶须.     

三维贯穿大孔氧化铝的孔道改性、表征及转化机制

利用相分离技术制备了非晶三维贯穿大孔氧化铝初始材料,然后通过氨水水热改性处理,使其大孔形态发生了显著改变,孔壁边缘生长有尺寸为50-300 nm的片状聚集体,大孔尺寸由430 nm下降到250 nm,但仍然保持蠕虫状三维贯穿且空间分布均匀的特性。改性后的氧化铝材料经550℃焙烧转化为高结晶度γ氧化铝,比表面积达到331 m²/g,具有8.9 nm及250 nm两种集中的孔径分布,L酸度及抗压强度均有所提高。研究表明,无定形水合羟基铝离子聚合物与氨水发生再水合反应生成薄水铝石中间物,因此,可在较低的焙烧温度下转晶为γ态;大孔孔壁边缘的AlOOH晶粒受NH₄⁺模板诱导作用从里向外重排形成片状聚集体,从而改变了大孔的形态。     

Design and simulation of the wire scanner for the injector linac of BEPCⅡ

BEPCⅡ, the upgrade project of Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPC), is an accelerator with large beam current and high luminosity, so an efficient and stable injector is required. Several beam diagnostic and monitoring instruments are used. A new diagnostic instrument — wire scanner, has been designed and will be used to measure the profile of the linac beam of BEPCⅡ. This paper describes the prototype of this system and the cause of heat generating of the wire. Some simulation results of the heat and force by using finite element method software—ANSYS^®,2) are presented and discussed.     

空调冷凝热热回收技术研究现状及发展趋势

界定了空调冷凝热热回收系统的分类,总结了国内外空调冷凝热热回收技术的研究现状,提出了空调冷凝热热回收技术的发展趋势。     

热泵中定容水箱保温率的研究

提出定容水箱保温率的概念及其方程。为此,本实验对定容水箱自然冷却过程中各热力参数进行了测量。根据实验所测数据及相关公式推导,得到保温率方程的经验函数关系式。同时,通过对测量曲线和经验函数曲线的拟合,验证了定容水箱保温率方程。     

用于波导阵列——光纤阵列自动对接的多目标演化算法的研究

开发设计了一种新的列阵自动对接方法,该方法将多目标演化法导入光纤—光波导列阵—光纤列阵的自动对接,并行操作次数较常规遗传法大幅减少.数值仿真表明,对于模场非对称因子为0.4%的单模波导列阵与光纤列阵的双芯对接,能实现0.04 dB的平均端面耦合损耗.用于1×8波导分支耦合器与通道间距误差在0.35 μm以内的光纤列阵对接,自动耦合仿真达到了小于0.1 dB的平均端面耦合损耗,最大值与最小值的差小于0.06 dB.     

蓝绿光敏感的非水溶性光致聚合物特性研究

报导了一种新型蓝绿光敏感的非水溶性光致聚合物材料,这种材料以聚醋酸乙烯酯为成膜物,9-乙烯基咔唑(NVC),甲基丙烯酸2-苯氧乙脂(POEA)和双季戊四醇五丙烯酸酯为单体,Dye3和Dye4为光敏剂,邻氯代六芳基双咪唑(O-CL-HABI)为共引发剂.本材料能同时对蓝光和绿光敏感,用蓝光和绿光分别或同时对该材料曝光,可得到清晰图像.测得的两种衍射效率分别不低于80%.     

高性能Ag/AgI红外空芯光纤的研究

采用液相化学镀膜法研制了内面镀有银膜和碘化银膜(Ag/AgI)的高性能空芯红外光纤.分析了绿色导航光和红外激光同时低损耗传输的光纤结构参量.长度1 m、内直径0.7 mm的Ag/AgI空芯光纤不仅在红外有低损耗传输特性,而且首次在波长530 nm处获得了7 dB/m的低传输损耗特性.满足可见光作为导航光的同轴传输要求.通过分析和改进实验工艺参量,有效降低Ag和AgI薄膜的表面粗糙度.给出了高性能Ag/AgI空芯光纤的介质镀膜的具体工艺参量.     

Rate sensitivity and deformation mechanism of semi-crystalline polymers during instrumented indentation

Instrumented indentation tests using both constant loading rate (CLR) and continuous stiffness measurement (CSM) operation modes were performed to investigate the deformation mechanism and their sensitivity to the deformation rate in semi-crystalline polymers through the quantitative analysis of load-depth loading and unloading curves. The strain rate was constant during the CSM tests, while the strain rate decreased with the increasing of loading time in CLR tests. The mechanical response mechanism of the semi-crystalline polymers to these tests was very complicated because of the combined effects of strain-hardening in the crystal phase and strain-softening in the amorphous phase. Results show that the loading index m reflects the strain-hardening or strain-softening response during indentation. When m > 2, the mechanical response was due to the strain-hardening, and when m < 2, the response was due to strain-softening. A method based on the measured contact hardness was proposed to obtain the unloading stiffness, and the other mechanical parameters could then be determined according to the unloading stiffness.     

Zirconia fiber membranes based on PVDF as high-safety separators for lithium-ion batteries using a papermaking method

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Lithium-ion batteries have been receiving more and more attention because of the energy crisis. As an important subassembly of lithium-ion batteries, the...