甲壳素和壳聚糖在电化学分析中的应用进展

甲壳素和壳聚糖特有的吸附、螯合作用的性质使其在电化学分析领域中应用广泛,本文对此进行了综述,着重介绍了甲壳素和壳聚糖修饰电极的制备、特点及其在痕量物质的测定、生物传感器等方面的应用,并对其研究前景进行了展望。     

钙的加入对含锆熔铁型氨合成催化剂性能的影响

近年来，对于熔铁型氨合成催化剂在不断通过加入新的助剂来改善其性能。本文用Mossbauer谱等手段分析与研究加入钙后对含锆催化剂的影响。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定纯硼等13个杂质元素

研究了纯硅中微量和痕量杂质元素铝、钙、铁、锰、磷、铬、铜、镍、钛、钒、锆、砷和硼等电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ICP—AES）的同时测定方法,样品以硝酸、盐酸和氢氟酸挥硅处理方法,在样品处理过程中,加入适量的甘露醇能够抑制硼的挥发。在优化选定的仪器条件和介质中测定纯硅样品和纯硅标准样品。纯硅样品中13个杂质元素的回收率均在92．0％～105．09／6之间,相对标准偏差均小于5．0％。     

活性自由基聚合法合成新型裘皮型羧酸酯基功能高分子

采用原子转移自由基聚合反应(ATRP)经二步法合成了一种裘皮型羧酸酯基功能高分子.首先以氯化亚铜-联吡啶络合物(CuCl-bPy)为催化体系,以a-溴代丙酸乙酯(EBP)为引发剂、乙腈(AN)为溶剂在80℃进行甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的均相ATRP反应,合成得到带溴原子端基的线型聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA-Br),其分子量分布呈单分散性(Mn=7.5～8.6x 104,PDI≤1.08);利用所合成PMMA-Br为大分子引发荆、二乙烯基苯(DVB)为单体(交联剂)、氯化亚铜*五甲基二亚乙基三胺(CuCl·PMDETA)为催化剂,在110℃苯甲醚(PME)溶液中进行DVB的活性原子转移自由基聚合反应,合成得到了一种12臂,臂长为120nm～140nm的裘皮型羧酸酯基功能高分子.分析结果表明,所合成裘皮树脂的尺寸均一性良好(PDI≤1.54).     

环戊烷和环己烷在silicalite-1分子筛上的热脱附行为

采用智能质量分析仪(IGA)及TG/DTG法研究了环戊烷和环己烷在硅沸石silicalite-1上的热脱附行为。当环戊烷在silicalite-1上吸附量小于4 m/uc时,TG/DTG曲线表明环戊烷在silicalite-1上存在一个脱附过程。吸附量大于4 m/uc,TG曲线显示热脱附过程明显分为两个阶段,DTG曲线中出现两个明显的脱附峰,彼此分离。环己烷在silicalite-1上只存在一种脱附过程,DTG曲线只出现一个脱附峰。从环戊烷和环己烷的热脱附曲线中也可看出,随着吸附量的增加脱附峰温逐渐向高温方向偏移。     

Er3+，Ho3+和Tm3+在硫氧化钆中的余辉发光

The new Er^3 , Ho^3 and Tm^3 doped gadolinium oxysulfide phosphors with the long afterglow emission were synthesized by solid-state reaction method. The synthesized phosphors were characterized by X-ray diffraction. The excitation and photolumineseenee spectra, afterglow spectra and afterglow decay curve were examined by fluorescence spectroscopy. The afterglow spectra of Gd2O2S:Er^3 , Mg, Ti showed typical transitions of Er^3 at 528(2H11/2→4I15/2), 548 (^4S3/2 →^4I15/2) and 669 nm (^4F9/2→^4I15/2). In the afterglow spectra of Gd2O2S: Ho^3 , Mg, Ti,typical transitions of Ho^3 at 546 nm (^5S2→^5I8), 651 and 661 nm (^2F5→^5I8) were observed. In Gd2O2S:Tm^3 , Mg,Ti, the afterglow emission at 800 nm (^1G4→^3H5) of Tm^3 was seen. The meehnism and model of afterglow energy transfer were proposed.     

5-氟尿嘧啶-1-乙酸合铜(Ⅱ)的合成及其与DNA的作用

The 5-fluorouracil-1-acetic acid (5FuAA) and its Cu(Ⅱ) complex (5FuAACu) were synthesized and the date for the crystal complex was obtained. The interaction of 5-fluorouracil-1-acetic acid (5FuAA) and its Cu(Ⅱ) complex (5FuAACu) with DNA was also investigated by using spectral, viscometric, electrochemical and agarose gel electrophoresis methods. The results of interaction with DNA suggest that both 5FuAA and 5FuAACu can bind to DNA in a static electricity attraction mode. But the attraction of 5FuAACu is greater than that of 5FuAA.     

CrOx/ SBA-15介孔催化剂上丙烷在二氧化碳气氛中脱氢反应的研究

The structure and catalytic properties based on Chromium Oxide supported on mesoporous SBA-15 for oxidative dehydrogenation of propane by CO₂ have been studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS), electron spin resonance (ESR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and propane pulsing experiments in the absence of gas-phase O₂. It has been shown that propane conversion and propene yield increase with Cr loadings. The propane conversion and propene yield on CrO_x(Cr: 10wt%)/SBA-15 catalyst for oxidative dehydrogenation of propane by CO₂ at 550 ℃ reach 24.8% and 21.8%, respectively .The results of ESR, UV-Vis DRS and propane pulsing experiments indicate that Cr^Ⅲ in the CrO_x/ SBA-15 catalyst is the main active species in oxidative dehydrogenation of propane by CO₂ and Cr^Ⅵ, Cr^Ⅴ is inactive in dehydrogenation.     

(BN)n(n≤12)团簇的结构及成键性质

利用遗传算法和Gastreich提出的经验势函数研究了(BN)_n(n≤12)团簇的可能稳定结构, 并对能量较低的异构体在HF/6-31G(d)水平进行优化, 得到了(BN)_n(n≤12)团簇的线状、蒲扇形、单环、双环、三环和笼状结构, 讨论了各种结构的特征及相对稳定性. 分析了BN团簇中原子的成键性质, 在单环结构中, N原子以sp2杂化成键, B原子以sp杂化成键, 而在节点处B原子以sp2杂化成键. (BN)6是唯一没有张力的单环结构.     

四配位硅单体及其共聚物的制备和结构表征

研究了直接从无定形二氧化硅出发, 与乙二醇、氢氧化钾反应, 生成高反应活性的五配位硅钾化合物, 并以此为原料与含活泼氯的3-氯丙烯反应制备出含双键官能团的四配位硅单体. 讨论了合成单体的条件如温度、反应时间、反应物浓度、溶液pH值及溶剂等因素的影响. 然后以该四配位硅单体与甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)在偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)作引发剂下进行自由基聚合得到支链含硅共聚物. 并借助于红外光谱(IR)、核磁共振(¹³C和¹H, ²⁹Si)、能谱元素分析对合成的单体进行了结构表征; 用红外光谱(IR)、热失重谱(TG)、差示扫描量热谱(DSC)、凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)等现代测试手段对支链含硅共聚物进行了结构表征及热性能分析. IR表明四配位硅单体在1646 cm^－1处是C＝C的伸缩振动吸收峰, 在共聚物中此峰消失; TG表明共聚物在249.6 ℃才开始失重, 552 ℃有机部分失重完毕; GPC分析表明共聚物的数均分子量为8.7万.