汽油车挥发性有机物排放特性的研究

在转鼓试验台架上对一台排放符合欧Ⅲ法规的汽油车挥发性有机物(VOCs)的排放特性进行了研究,汽车运行工况按照欧Ⅲ测试循环(NEDC)进行.取样点分布于催化器前后,总挥发性有机物通过AWA4000排放系统测量,同时使用大气采样罐对排气取样,并采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC/MS)按照美国环保局(EPA)推荐的TO-14/TO-15方法,对VOC组分进行了成分分析.研究结果表明,冷起动工况是VOC排放最恶劣的阶段,前40s的排放量占全部测试循环(1180s)的28.81%,其中对大气质量影响较大的芳香烃含量很高,主要成分为甲苯、二甲苯和三甲苯,冷起动阶段其浓度分别高达12.4mg/m3、10.5mg/m3和8.7mg/m3.     

Analytic Study of a Bose-Einstein Condensate in Waveguide with an Obstacle Potential

We investigate the exact solutions of one-dimensional （1D） time-independent Gross-Pitaevskii equation （GPE）, which governs a Bose-Einstein condensate （BEC） in the magnetic waveguide with a square-Sech potential. Both the bound state and transmission state are found and the corresponding spatial configurations and transport properties of BEC are analyzed. It is shown that the well-known absolute transmission of the linear system can occur in the considered nonlinear system.     

Reactive Ion Etching as Cleaning Method Post Chemical Mechanical Polishing for Phase Change Memory Device

In order to improve nano-scale phase change memory performance, a super-clean interface should be obtained after chemical mechanical polishing （CMP） of Ge2Sb2Te5 phase change films. We use reactive ion etching （RIE） as the cleaning method. The cleaning effect is analysed by scanning electron microscopy and an energy dispersive spectrometer. The results show that particle residue on the surface has been removed. Meanwhile, Ge2Sb2Te5 material stoichiometric content ratios are unchanged. After the top electrode is deposited, currentvoltage characteristics test demonstrates that the set threshold voltage is reduced from 13 V to 2.7V and the threshold current from 0.1 mA to 0.025 mA. Furthermore, we analyse the RIE cleaning principle and compare it with the ultrasonic method.     

Asymptotic Analysis of Vertical Branch-Cut Integral of Shear Waves in a Fluid-Filled Borehole Utilizing the Steepest-Descent Method

We obtain an asymptotic solution to the vertical branch-cut integral of shear waves excited by an impulsive pressure point source in a fluid-filled borehole, by taking the effect of the infinite singularity of the Hankel functions related to shear waves in the integrand at the shear branch point into account and using the method of steepest-descent to expand the vertical branch-cut integral of shear waves. It is theoretically proven that the saddle point of the integrand is located at ks-i/z, where ks and z are the shear branch point and the offset. The continuous and smooth amplitude spectra and the resonant peaks of shear waves are numerically calculated from the asymptotic solution. These asymptotic results are generally in agreement with the numerical integral results. It is also found by the comparison and analysis of two results that the resonant factor and the effect of the normal and leaking mode poles around the shear branch point lead to the two-peak characteristics of the amplitude spectra of shear waves in the resonant peak zones from the numerical integral calculations.     

Effects of Buoyancy on Langmuir Circulation

Based on the Navier-Stokes equation, an equation describing the Langmuir circulation is derived by a perturbation method when the influences of Coriolis force and buoyancy force are both considered. The approach used in the analysis is similar to the works carried out by Craik and Leibovieh [3. Fluid Mech. 73 （1976）401], Leibovieh [3. Fluid Mech. 79 （1977） 715] and Huang [3. Fluid Mech. 91 （1979） 191]. Potential applications of the equation proposed are discussed in the area of Antarctic circumpolar current.     

Remote Generation of Entanglement for Individual Atoms via Optical Fibres

The generation of atomic entanglement is discussed in a system that atoms are trapped in separate cavities which are connected via optical fibres. Two distant atoms can be projected to Bell-state by synchronized turning off of the local laser fields and then performing a single quantum measurement by a distant controller. The distinct advantage of this scheme is that it works in a regime where Δ≈κ〉〉g, which makes the scheme insensitive to cavity strong leakage. Moreover, the fidelity is not affected by atomic spontaneous emission.     

Multi-Slit Diffraction of Evanescent Electromagnetic Waves

The well-known Fraunhofer multi-slit diffraction is described as the multi-slit interference modulated by the singleslit diffraction, namely the multiplication between the single-slit diffraction factor and the multi-slit interference factor. By considering the simplified argument we show that the multi-slit diffraction of evanescent waves which are in the near-field region also has the interference and diffraction effects, and that this two-fold effect can be expressed as the convolution of the diffraction factor and the interference factor. Our conclusion could be helpful to understand the contribution of evanescent waves to the optical responses of sub-wavelength structures such as slits and grooves.     

Robust Implementation of a Nonlocal N-Qubit Phase Gate by Interference of Polarized Photons

We propose a protocol to directly implement the nonlocal phase gate of N A-type three-level atoms trapped in distant cavities by using interference of polarized photons. The protocol uses the effects of quantum statistics of indistinguishable photons emitted by the atoms inside optical cavities.     

Simulation of Phase-Change Random Access Memory with Ring-Type Contactor for Low Reset Current by Finite Element Modelling

A three-dimensional finite element models for phase change random access memory （PCRAM） is established to simulate thermal and electrical behaviours during RESET operation. The RESET behaviours of the conventional structure （CS） and the ring-type contact in bottom electrode （RIB） are compared with each other. The simulation results indicate that the RIB cell has advantages of high heat efficiency for melting phase change material in cell, reduction of contact area and lower RESET current with maintaining good resistance contrast. The RESET current decreases from 1.26mA to 1.2mA and the heat consumption in CST material during programming increases from 12% to 37% in RIB structure. Thus the RIB structure PCRAM cell is suitable for future device with high heat efficiency and smaller RESET current.     

Temperature Controlled Filamentation in Argon Gas

Temperature controlled filamentation is experimentally demonstrated in a temperature gradient gas-filled tube. The proper position of the tube is heated by a furnace and two ends of the tube are cooled by air. The experimental results show that multiple filaments are shrunken into a single filament or no filament only by increasing the temperature at the beginning of the filament. This technique offers another degree of freedom of controlling the filamentation and opens a new way for intense monocycle pulse generation through gradient temperature in a noble gas.