Measuring the ‘complexity’ of sound

Sounds in the natural environment form an important class of biologically relevant non-stationary signals. We propose a dynamic spectral measure to characterize the spectral dynamics of such non-stationary sound signals and classify them based on rate of change of spectral dynamics. We categorize sounds with slowly varying spectral dynamics as simple and those with rapidly changing spectral dynamics as complex. We propose rate of spectral dynamics as a possible scheme to categorize sounds in the environment.     

Influence of near-edge processes in the elemental analysis using X-ray emission-based techniques

The near-edge processes, such as X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and resonant Raman scattering (RRS), are not incorporated in the available theoretical attenuation coefficients, which are known to be reliable at energies away from the shell/subshell ionization thresholds of the attenuator element. Theoretical coefficients are generally used to estimate matrix corrections in routine quantitative elemental analysis based on various X-ray emission techniques. A tabulation of characteristic X-ray energies across the periodic table is provided where those X-rays are expected to alter the attenuation coefficients due to XAFS from a particular shell/subshell of the attenuator element. The influence of XAFS to the attenuation coefficient depends upon the atomic environment and the photoelectron wave vector, i.e., difference in energies of incident X-ray and the shell/subshell ionization threshold of the attenuator element. Further, the XAFS at a shell/subshell will significantly alter the total attenuation coefficient if the jump ratio at that shell/subshell is large, e.g., the K shell, L₃ subshell and M₅ subshell. The tabulations can be considered as guidelines so as to know what can be expected due to XAFS in typical photon-induced X-ray emission spectrometry.     

FLEXURAL INTENSITY MEASUREMENT ON FINITE PLATES USING MODAL SPECTRUM IDEAL FILTERING

Flexural intensities on various plate-like structures with arbitrary boundary conditions are calculated using measured and FEM yielded mobility. In doing so, a two-dimensional spatial Fourier transform has been implemented along with a refined k-spectral filtering concept. Intensity is decomposed into individual contributions from bending moments, twisting moments and shear forces. The source and energy sink localization and energy flow have been analyzed through these contributions. The effect of reflections from the plate edges and that of the uncorrelated noise, on the intensity, are discussed. It is shown that the width of the k -filters may have a non-negligible influence on the shape of the intensity field. Damping in the structure can efficiently control the edge reflections and therefore help to localize the energy sources and sinks. A link has been found, at certain excitation conditions, between the radiated acoustic intensity and the active flexural intensity. It is also observed that the classical method of studying the vibration transmission, using vibration amplitude measurements, does not reflect the transmitted vibration energy but rather provides information on non-propagating, reactive energy. The FEM study, further explains some of the experimental observations and suggests the possibility of applying intensity to complex analytical models.     

Two-texture zeros and near-maximal atmospheric neutrino mixing angle

We study the implications of a large value of the effective Majorana neutrino mass for a class of two-texture zero neutrino mass matrices in the flavour basis. We find that these textures predict near-maximal atmospheric neutrino mixing angle in the limit of large effective Majorana neutrino mass. We present the symmetry realization of these textures using the discrete cyclic group Z₃. It is found that the texture zeros realized in this work remain stable under the renormalization group running of the effective neutrino mass matrix at one-loop level.     

Signature splitting in two quasiparticle rotational bands of <Superscript>180,182</Superscript>Ta

The signature splittings in K^π = 1 ⁺: 7 /2[404] _π?9 /2[624] _ν, K^π = 0^?: 9 /2[514] _π?9 /2[624] _ν bands of ¹⁸⁰Ta and K^π = 0^?: 7 /2[404] _π?7 /2[503] _ν, K^π = 1^?: 5 /2[402] _π?3 /2[512] _ν, K^π = 1⁺: 7 /2[404] _π?9 /2[624] _ν bands of ¹⁸²Ta are analysed within the framework of two-quasiparticle rotor model. The phase as well as magnitude of the experimentally observed signature splitting in K^π = 1⁺ band of ¹⁸⁰Ta, which could not be explained in earlier calculations, is successfully reproduced. The conflict regarding placement of a 12 ⁺ level in K^π = 1 ⁺: 7 /2 ⁺[404] _π?9 /2 ⁺[624] _ν ground-state rotational band of ¹⁸⁰Ta is resolved and tentative nature of K^π = 0^?: 7 /2[404] _π?7 /2[503] _ν, K^π = 1⁺: 7 /2[404] _π?9 /2[624] _ν bands observed in ¹⁸²Ta is confirmed. As a future prediction for experimentalists, these two-quasiparticle structures observed in ¹⁸⁰Ta and ¹⁸²Ta are extended to higher spins.     

Structural and optical tunability of metallodielectric composites with gradual shell growth

Metallodielectric (gold@silica) composites were prepared by seed and grow method. The dielectric microspheres (core material) of an average size of 400 nm were synthesized by sol–gel method and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were prepared by reducing the chloroauric solution. Shell growth around silica (SiO₂) microspheres was carried out in a multistep layer-by-layer process. The synthesized composites were characterized using techniques such as field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. FE-SEM and FTIR analyses have confirmed the functionalization of SiO₂ surfaces with the amine terminal group along with the gold shell growth. XRD analysis has given an average crystallite size of 12.3 nm for metallodielectric composites. Absorption spectra have demonstrated the dependence of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak on the successive shell growth by exhibiting a red shift.     

Improved Design of 8-Channel Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) Multiplexer Using Tapered Entry into the Slab Waveguides

An improved design of silicon-on-insulator based 8 × 8 AWG multiplexer is presented using tapered entry into the slab waveguide. Our simulation result clearly shows significant enhancement of electric field from 0.44 V/m to 0.732 V/m, reduction in insertion loss from 7.13 db to 2.7 db, with bandwidth of 230 GHz and channel spacing 200 GHz while keeping other parameters within acceptable limits.     

Anisotropic cosmological models in f (R, T) theory of gravitation

A class of non-singular bouncing cosmological models of a general class of Bianchi models filled with perfect fluid in the framework of f(R,T) gravity is presented. The model initially accelerates for a certain period of time and decelerates thereafter. The physical behaviour of the model is also studied.     

Integrated 3D-QSAR,molecular docking,and molecular dynamics simulation studies on 1,2,3-triazole based derivatives for designing new acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial and polygenic disease. It is the most prevalent reason for dementia in the aging population. A dataset of twenty-six 1,2,3-triazole-based derivatives previously synthetized and evaluated for acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity were subjected to the three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) study. Good predictability was achieved for comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) (Q² = 0.604, R² = 0.863, r_ext² = 0.701) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) (Q² = 0.606, R² = 0.854, r_ext² = 0.647). The molecular features characteristics provided by the 3D-QSAR contour plots were quite useful for designing and improving the activity of acetylcholinesterase of this class. Based on these findings, a new series of 1,2,3-triazole based derivatives were designed, among which compound A1 with the highest predictive activity was subjected to detailed molecular docking and compared to the most active compound. The selected compounds were further subjected to 20 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study the comparative conformation dynamics of the protein after ligand binding, revealing promising results for the designed molecule. Therefore, this study could provide worthy guidance for further experimental analysis of highly effective acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.     

Nucleation rate of the quark-gluon plasma droplet at finite quark chemical potential

The nucleation rate of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) droplet is computed at finite quark chemical potential. In the course of computing the nucleation rate, the finite size effects of the QGP droplet are taken into account. We consider the phenomenological flow parameter of quarks and gluons, which is dependent on quark chemical potential and we calculate the nucleation rate of the QGP droplet with this parameter. While calculating the nucleation rate, we find that for low values of quark phenomenological parameter ?? _q , nucleation rate is negligible and when ?? _q increases, nucleation rate increases significantly.