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51.
Akanda MJ Sarker MZ Ferdosh S Manap MY Ab Rahman NN Ab Kadir MO 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2012,17(2):1764-1794
Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), which has received much interest in its use and further development for industrial applications, is a method that offers some advantages over conventional methods, especially for the palm oil industry. SC-CO? refers to supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) that uses carbon dioxide (CO?) as a solvent which is a nontoxic, inexpensive, nonflammable, and nonpolluting supercritical fluid solvent for the extraction of natural products. Almost 100% oil can be extracted and it is regarded as safe, with organic solvent-free extracts having superior organoleptic profiles. The palm oil industry is one of the major industries in Malaysia that provides a major contribution to the national income. Malaysia is the second largest palm oil and palm kernel oil producer in the World. This paper reviews advances in applications of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO?) extraction of oils from natural sources, in particular palm oil, minor constituents in palm oil, producing fractionated, refined, bleached, and deodorized palm oil, palm kernel oil and purified fatty acid fractions commendable for downstream uses as in toiletries and confectionaries. 相似文献
52.
Honey is a natural substance with many medicinal properties, including antibacterial, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, antioxidant and antihypertensive effects. It reduces hyperglycemia in diabetic rats and humans. However, the mechanism(s) of its hypoglycemic effect remain(s) unknown. Honey comprises many constituents, making it difficult to ascertain which component(s) contribute(s) to its hypoglycemic effect. Nevertheless, available evidence indicates that honey consists of predominantly fructose and glucose. The objective of this review is to summarize findings which indicate that fructose exerts a hypoglycemic effect. The data show that glucose and fructose exert a synergistic effect in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. This synergistic effect might enhance intestinal fructose absorption and/or stimulate insulin secretion. The results indicate that fructose enhances hepatic glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis and storage via activation of hepatic glucokinase and glycogen synthase, respectively. The data also demonstrate the beneficial effects of fructose on glycemic control, glucose- and appetite-regulating hormones, body weight, food intake, oxidation of carbohydrate and energy expenditure. In view of the similarities of these effects of fructose with those of honey, the evidence may support the role of fructose in honey in mediating the hypoglycemic effect of honey. 相似文献
53.
Tabassum S Al-Asbahy WM Afzal M Arjmand F Bagchi V 《Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)》2012,41(16):4955-4964
To evaluate the biological preference of metallopeptide drugs in cancer cells, a new dinuclear copper(II) complex [Cu(2)(glygly)(2)(ppz)(H(2)O)(4)]·2H(2)O (1) (glygly = glycyl glycine anion and ppz = piperazine), was designed and synthesized as topoisomerase I inhibitor. The structural elucidation of the complex was done by elemental analysis, spectroscopic methods and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The in vitro DNA binding studies of complex 1 with CT DNA were carried out by employing different optical methods viz. UV-vis, fluorescence and circular dichroism. The molecular docking technique was also utilized to ascertain the mechanism and mode of action towards the molecular target DNA and enzymes. Complex 1 cleaves pBR322 DNA via an oxidative mechanism and strongly binds to the DNA minor groove. Furthermore, complex 1 exhibits significant inhibitory effects on the catalytic activity of topoisomerase I at a very low concentration, ~12.5 μM, in addition to its excellent SOD mimics (IC(50)~0.086 μM). 相似文献
54.
Mohd Marsin Sanagi Mazidatulakmam Miskam Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim Dadan Hermawan Hassan Y. Aboul‐Enein 《Journal of separation science》2010,33(14):2131-2139
A three‐phase hollow fiber liquid‐phase microextraction method coupled with CE was developed and used for the determination of partition coefficients and analysis of selected nitrophenols in water samples. The selected nitrophenols were extracted from 14 mL of aqueous solution (donor solution) with the pH adjusted to pH 3 into an organic phase (1‐octanol) immobilized in the pores of the hollow fiber and finally backextracted into 40.0 μL of the acceptor phase (NaOH) at pH 12.0 located inside the lumen of the hollow fiber. The extractions were carried out under the following optimum conditions: donor solution, 0.05 M H3PO4, pH 3.0; organic solvent, 1‐octanol; acceptor solution, 40 μL of 0.1 M NaOH, pH 12.0; agitation rate, 1050 rpm; extraction time, 15 min. Under optimized conditions, the calibration curves for the analytes were linear in the range of 0.05–0.30 mg/L with r2>0.9900 and LODs were in the range of 0.01–0.04 mg/L with RSDs of 1.25–2.32%. Excellent enrichment factors of up to 398‐folds were obtained. It was found that the partition coefficient (Ka/d) values were high for 2‐nitrophenol, 3‐nitrophenol, 4‐nitrophenol, 2,4‐dinitrophenol and 2,6‐dinitrophenol and that the individual partition coefficients (Korg/d and Ka/org) promoted efficient simultaneous extraction from the donor through the organic phase and further into the acceptor phase. The developed method was successfully applied for the analysis of water samples. 相似文献
55.
Dan He Zhigang Xue Mohd Yusuf Khan Seok Kyun Noh Won Seok Lyoo 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2010,48(1):144-151
Styrene polymerization via generation of activators by monomer addition (GAMA) for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has been examined extensively with bulk FeX3 and FeX2 at 110 °C in conjunction with various phosphorus‐bearing ligands. It was found that GAMA possesses advantages over normal ATRP. Most importantly, narrower polydispersity index (PDI) values were observed from the styrene polymerizations with Fe(III) over those with Fe(II). Every instance of 2‐(diphenylphosphino)‐N,N′‐dimethyl‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐2‐amine and 2‐(diphenylphosphino) pyridine with the Fe(III) system were controlled excellently without addition of any radical initiator or reducing agent additives. Initiator type was found to exert a significant factor to influence on the controllability of polymerization. The initiation of 1‐phenylethyl chloride and methyl‐2‐chloropropionate gave rise to formation of polymers with narrow PDI (1.05–1.20), whereas those from 1‐phenylethyl bromide increased to 1.35. The GAMA of bulk styrene exhibited the best performance in terms of both rate and controllability compared with toluene and anisole. Both formation of block copolymer from the macroinitiator and efficient perturbation of polymerization with 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine 1‐oxyl provided firm evidence to support the living and radical characteristics for the GAMA of styrene. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 144–151, 2010 相似文献
56.
Mohd Rafein Zakaria Hidayah Ariffin Suraini Abd-Aziz Yoshihito Shirai 《Polymer Degradation and Stability》2010,95(8):1382-1386
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] homopolymer and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(3HB-co-3HV)] copolymer was produced by Comamonas sp. EB172 using single and mixture of carbon sources. Poly(3-hydroxyvalerate) P(3HV) incorporation in the copolymer was obtained when propionic and valeric acid was used as precursors. Incorporation of 3HV fractions in the copolymer varied from 45 to 86 mol% when initial pH of the medium was regulated. In fed-batch cultivation, organic acids derived from anaerobically treated palm oil mill effluent (POME) were shown to be suitable carbon sources for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production by Comamonas sp. EB172. Number average molecular weight (Mn) produced by the strain was in the range of 153-412 kDa with polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) in the range of 2.2-2.6, respectively. Incorporation of higher 3HV units improved the thermal stability of P(3HB-co-3HV) copolymer. Thus the newly isolated bacterium Comamonas sp. EB172 is a suitable candidate for PHA production using POME as renewable and alternative cheap raw materials. 相似文献
57.
Zafar A. Siddiqi M. Shahid Mohd Khalid Shabana Noor Sarvendra Kumar 《Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy》2010,75(1):61-68
The newly prepared homo-bimetallic complexes [M2(imda)2(H2O)4], [M2(imda)2(Bipy)2] (M = Co, Ni or Cu) and [Fe2(imda)2(H2O)3Cl] (H2imda = iminodiacetic acid and Bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine) have been studied employing IR, FAB-mass, 1H and 13C NMR, EPR and ligand field spectra, which indicated a high-spin state of metal ion with hexa-coordinate environment. 57Fe Mössbauer data of the homo-bimetallic complex [Fe2(imda)2(H2O)3Cl] confirm a high-spin configuration with Fe (±3/2 → 1/2) nuclear transitions and the presence of Kramer's double degeneracy. At RT, the spin–spin interactions of the neighbouring nuclei (Fe3+–Fe3+ = S5/2–S5/2) are anti-ferromagnetically coupled. However, at LNT, the complex acquires a mixed-valent [FeIII–FeII] composition corroborated from the X-band EPR data. CV studies indicated the presence of quasi-reversible redox CuII/I, CuII/III, FeIII/II, FeIII/I and FeII/I couples. 相似文献
58.
Zafar A. Siddiqi Mohd Khalid Sarvendra Kumar M. Shahid Shabana Noor 《Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy》2010,75(2):841-845
Spectral and molecular model computations on homo-dinuclear complexes [M2L2(H2O)2Cl2] [L = 1-(salicylaldeneamino)-3-hydroxypropane, M = Cr3+, Mn3+, Fe3+, Co3+, Ni3+ or Cu3+] are consistent with a distorted hexa-coordinate geometry. X-band EPR spectral data indicated a rhombic distortion around Cu(II) ion. Magnetic moment and 57Fe Mössbauer data confirmed a high-spin state electronic configuration (t2g3eg2, S = 5/2) and asymmetric ligand environment around Fe(III) with nuclear transitions Fe(±3/2 → 1/2) exhibiting Kramer's double degeneracy. The neighboring Fe(III) nuclei in the homo-dinuclear species are antiferromagnetically coupled. 相似文献
59.
Nicolas Droushiotis Uttam Doraswami Douglas Ivey Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman Kang Li Geoff Kelsall 《Electrochemistry communications》2010,12(6):792-795
A phase inversion process was used to co-extrude cerium–gadolinium oxide (Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95)/NiO–CGO dual-layer hollow fibres (HF), which were then sintered to form, respectively, the electrolyte and high porosity anode precursor of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with anode inner diameter of 0.8 mm. Graded CGO–lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite (La0.6Sr0.4Fe0.8Co0.2O3) cathode layers were then painted onto the CGO electrolyte to form a micro-tubular HF-SOFC. With a carefully designed anode current collector, this produced maximum power densities of 1186–5864 W m? 2 at 450–570 °C. High magnification imaging analysis revealed large three-phase boundary regions within the anode, a dense electrolyte layer and clearly highlighted the multiple CGO–LSCF cermet and pure LSCF cathode layers. The performance of the HF-SOFC with a twenty millimetre active length showed no degradation after four thermal cycles between 300 °C and 570 °C. 相似文献
60.
JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - A simple and precise high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method has been established for simultaneous analysis of... 相似文献