Justification of the Kirchhoff hypotheses and error estimation for two-dimensional models of anisotropic and inhomogeneous plates, including laminated plates

Asymptotic analysis of the problem describing deformation ofa thin cylindrical plate with clamped lateral side is performed.The problem is considered under the most general statement withthe plate being laminated and consisting of an arbitrary numberof nonhomogeneous and anisotropic (21 elastic moduli) layers.Explicit integral representations of the differential operatorswhich form the two-dimensional model of the plate are derived.In the case when the elastic moduli of each of the layers areconstant, these integral representations turn into algebraicones. The asymptotic procedure is justified with the help ofa weighted inequality of Korn's type. The error estimates obtainedgive a rigorous mathematical proof of both of Kirchhoff's hypotheses(kinematic and static) and shed light on the well-known intrinsicinconsistency of two of the hypotheses.     

Rational design of molecularly imprinted polymer: the choice of cross-linker

The paper describes a rational approach for the selection of cross-linkers during the development of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). As a model system for this research MIPs specific for the drug zidovudine (AZT) were designed and tested. Three cross-linkers trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and divinylbenzene (DVB) were studied. The analogue of zidovudine (AZT) ester (AZT-ES) was used as a dummy template. The imprinting factors for all of the polymers in the static adsorption experiments were calculated. The data on the AZT adsorption by control polymers (CP), which were prepared with different cross-linkers without a functional monomer, was also analyzed. DVB was found to be more inert towards zidovudine than EGDMA and TRIM, which was confirmed by both molecular modelling and adsorption experiments. It was demonstrated that DVB-based polymers had a higher imprinting factor (I = 1.85) compared with other tested cross-linked polymers. It was suggested that the selection of the cross-linker should be based on the strength of the interaction with the template: the cross-linker which displays lower binding of the template should be preferential because it generates MIPs with lower non-specific binding and a higher imprinting factor, and therefore specificity. Which cross-linker to use for the preparation of any particular MIP can be determined by analysis of the interactions between the cross-linker and template. This could be done either virtually using computational modelling or by template adsorption using a small library of polymers prepared using different cross-linkers.     

Ultra-incompressible Ternary Diborides Re_（0.5）Ir_（0.5）B_2,Re_（0.5）Tc_（0.5）B_2,Os_（0.5）W_（0.5）B_2 and Os_（0.5）Ru_（0.5）B_2：Density Functional Calculation

In this paper, density functional computations have been applied to the structural, elastic and electronic properties of ternary transition metal diborides Re0.5Ir0.5B2, Re0.5Tc0.5B2, Os0.5W0.5B2 and Os0.5Ru0.5B2 in hexagonal (P63/mmc) and orthorhombic (Pmmn) structures with both local density approximation and generalized gradient approximation. LDA gives smaller lattice parameters and larger elastic moduli than GGA. Both results show that the hexagonal ones are more stable than orthorhombic ones except Os0.5Ru0.5B2. Moreover, the hexagonal structure has superior elastic property than orthorhombic one. Generally speaking, the calculated elastic moduli of Re0.5Ir0.5B2 and Os0.5Ru0.5B2 are smaller than those values of Re0.5Tc0.5B2 and Os0.5W0.5B2 within the same structure because of the filling of antibonding states. The relativistic effects result in weaker bonds of Tc-B (Ru-B) than those of Re-B (Os-B). All the diborides are ultra-incompressible. Re0.5Tc0.5B2 has the largest shear modulus and it is a promising superhard diboride like Os0.5W0.5B2. The elastic properties are in high correlation with the bond strength. The shear moduli are more sensitive than the bulk moduli to the bond strength.     

Grafting of molecularly imprinted polymer to porous polyethylene filtration membranes by plasma polymerization

An application of plasma-induced grafting of polyethylene membranes with a thin layer of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was presented. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) membranes, “Vyon,” were used as a substrate for plasma grafting modification. The herbicide atrazine, one of the most popular targets of the molecular imprinting, was chosen as a template. The parameters of the plasma treatment were optimized in order to achieve a good balance between polymerization and ablation processes. Modified HDPE membranes were characterized, and the presence of the grafted polymeric layer was confirmed based on the observed weight gain, pore size measurements, and infrared spectrometry. Since there was no significant change in the porosity of the modified membranes, it was assumed that only a thin layer of the polymer was introduced on the surface. The experiments on the re-binding of the template atrazine to the membranes modified with MIP and blank polymers were performed. HDPE membranes which were grafted with polymer using continuous plasma polymerization demonstrated the best result which was expressed in an imprinted factor equal to 3, suggesting that molecular imprinting was successfully achieved.

Electropolymerized o‐Phenylenediamine on Graphite Promoting the Electrochemical Detection of Nafcillin

By combining molecular modelling and electrochemistry we envision the creation of modified electrodes tailored for a more sensitive and selective detection of a single analyte. In this study we report on a graphite screen printed electrode modified with electropolymerized o‐phenylenediamine, selected by rational design, which promotes the detection of nafcillin (NAF), an antibiotic. Parameters such as monomer concentration, pH and number of electropolymerization cycles were optimized to obtain the highest current signal for the target upon amperometric detection. NAF identification was based on the redox process at +1.1 V (vs pseudo Ag), ascribed to the oxidation of the C‐7 side chain. With the optimized modification protocol, a two‐fold increase in nafcillin signal could be obtained: the calibration plot in 0.1 M Britton‐Robinson buffer pH 4 showed a limit of detection of 80 nM with improved sensitivity and reproducibility (RSD<5 %) compared to the detection at non‐modified electrodes.     

Colorimetric test-systems for creatinine detection based on composite molecularly imprinted polymer membranes

An easy-to-use colorimetric test-system for the efficient detection of creatinine in aqueous samples was developed. The test-system is based on composite molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) membranes with artificial receptor sites capable of creatinine recognition. A thin MIP layer was created on the surface of microfiltration polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes using method of photo-initiated grafting polymerization. The MIP layer was obtained by co-polymerization of a functional monomer (e.g. 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, itaconic acid or methacrylic acid) with N, N′-methylenebisacrylamide as a cross-linker. The choice of the functional monomer was based on the results of computational modeling. The creatinine-selective composite MIP membranes were used for measuring creatinine in aqueous samples. Creatinine molecules were selectively adsorbed by the MIP membranes and quantified using color reaction with picrates. The intensity of MIP membranes staining was proportional to creatinine concentration in an analyzed sample. The colorimetric test-system based on the composite MIP membranes was characterized with 0.25 mM detection limit and 0.25–2.5 mM linear dynamic range. Storage stability of the MIP membranes was estimated as at least 1 year at room temperature. As compared to the traditional methods of creatinine detection the developed test-system is characterized by simplicity of operation, small size and low cost.     

催化光度法测定痕量钒——钒(Ⅴ)-溴甲酚紫-过氧化氢体系

催化光度法测定钒已有报道[1～3],在0.45 mol·L-1磷酸介质及加热条件下,过氧化氢氧化溴甲酚紫褪色反应非常缓慢,而痕量钒对此反应具有较高的催化活性,且在一定浓度范围内,钒量与褪色反应程度呈线性关系,据此可建立测定痕量钒的方法.方法的检出限为1.9×10-6g·L-1,测定范围为0.003～1.8 mg·L-1.方法操作简便,重现性好,用于钢样中痕量钒的测定,结果满意.     

酶促开环聚合合成双亲性H型嵌段共聚物及其自组装

通过固定化酶Novozyme435（NV435）催化聚乙二醇（PEG）开环聚合己内酯（CL）得到端基带有羟基的ABA型三嵌段聚合物,用2,2-二氯代乙酰氯将聚合物的端羟基功能化形成H型大分子引发剂,在CuCl／HMTETA体系中引发4-乙烯基吡啶（4VP）进行原子转移自由基聚合反应（ATRP）,得到了具有两亲性的H型五嵌段聚合物（PVP）2-b—PCL-b．PEG-PCL-（PVP）2,用红外光谱（FT IR）,核磁共振（^1H NMR）,凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）对其结构与分子量及其分子量分布进行了表征,结果表明：H型五嵌段聚合物分子量46121g／mol,分子量分布1．30．并利用动态光散射（DLS）和原子力显微镜（AFM）对聚合物在水溶液中的自组装行为进行了研究,H型嵌段聚合物的胶束呈球形结构,平均直径为70nm左右．     

TDDFT Study on the Electronic Excitations and First Hyperpolarizabilities of Mixed-metal Carbonyl Clusters W2Ir2（μ-L）（CO）8（η^5-C5H4Me）2（L = dppe/dppf）

Mixed-metal carbonyl clusters of W2Ir2（CO）10（η^5-C5H4Me）2 1 and W2Ir2（μ-L）（CO）8（η^5-C5H4Me）2 （L = dppe 2, dppf 3） have been studied by TDDFT method focusing on their electronic and nonlinear optical properties. These three clusters exhibit the first static hyperpolarizabilities of medium magnitude （βtot-10×10^-30 esu）. The origin of β is discussed by the new proposed orbital-pair decomposition scheme by Barandes et al. The result suggests that the β values of the two clusters are mainly originated from d-d electron transition within the metal skeleton, and d-p （π＊） electron transition from metals to carbonyls and phenyl. The additional coordination by the electron donor group, ferrocene, makes cluster 3 own much larger β values, and the relatively longer range charge transfer from d orbitals of ferrocene to d orbirals of Ir and W is responsible for the enhanced β values.