On the application of the plastic spin concept for the description of anisotropic hardening in finite deformation plasticity

The aim of the paper is to fill the gap between the general theoretical formulation of the constitutive relations for plastic spin and practical applications for proper prediction of material behavior at finite plastic deformations and anisotropic hardening. An approximation to the representation of the general constitutive equation for plastic spin is considered and the pertinent substructure corotational rate is applied to formulate the relation for rigid-plastic material with kinematic hardening. The simple shear traction problem is analysed and the proposed model is verified with the experimental results of Swift. The merits of the present proposal vis-à-vis the existing theories are discussed.     

Influence of a strontium-enriched intergranular cluster network on the electrical conductivity of In2O3-SrO ceramics

A metastable hexagonal R-phase is revealed in polycrystalline In₂O₃-SrO samples, which has the form of a network made up of mesoscopic clusters (60–180 Å in size). The clusters arise from strontium-enriched regions near grain boundaries in the main cubic structure of indium oxide. It is shown that annealing in oxygen at T _a ? 300°C saturates dangling bonds between the R-phase and the matrix and makes the system metastable. This state shows up in the presence of (i) solitary diffuse maxima from the R-phase imposed on Debye lines from the main phase in the X-ray diffraction pattern and (ii) the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) line with g = 1.875. In addition, the sample in this state acquires a high resistivity (ρ ～ 10⁶ Ω cm). Relaxation at T ? 300°C after annealing at T _a > 300°C disrupts bonds between the strontium-enriched clusters of the R-phase and the indium oxide matrix. This causes spatial separation of the clusters, disruption of their coherent bonds with the matrix structure, and escape of excess oxygen from the sample along grain boundaries. As a result, a new stable state forms, which is characterized by (i) a series of diffuse maxima from the R-phase imposed on lines assigned to the main phase, (ii) the presence of the ECR line with g = 2 with the line with g = 1.875 retained, and (iii) the transition of the sample to a low-resistivity state (ρ ～ 100 Ω cm).     

Laminar free convection heat transfer from a horizontal ring

The analytical solution of laminar free convective heat transfer in an unlimited space from an isothermal horizontal ring with an adiabatic plug is presented. The results of theoretical considerations are presented as relation of the Nusselt and Rayleigh numbers: $$Nu_D = 1.151 \cdot (Ra_D )^{1/5} \cdot \Phi (\phi _0 )$$ \] where Φ(φ₀) is a function of shape coefficient of the ring (φ₀=d/D). The solution presented has been verified experimentally with rings of constant external diameter (D=0.06 [m]) and various internal diameters (d=0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04 and 0.05 [m]). The fluid tested was glycerin. The theoretical predictions agree well with the experimental results.     

Prediction of protein structure using a knowledge-based off-lattice united-residue force field and global optimization methods

A united-residue model of polypeptide chains developed in our laboratories with united side-chains and united peptide groups as interaction sites is presented. The model is designed to work in continuous space; hence efficient global-optimization methods can be applied. In this work, we adopted the distance-scaling method that is based on continuous deformation of the original rugged energy hypersurface to obtain a smoothed surface. The method has been applied successfully to predict the structures of simple motifs, such as the three-helix bundle structure of the 10-58 fragment of staphylococcal protein A in de novo folding simulations and more complicated motifs in inverse-folding simulations. Received: 24 April 1998 / Accepted: 4 August 1998 / Published online: 2 November 1998     

Noncommutative scalar solitons: existence and nonexistence

We study the variational equations for solitons in noncommutative scalar field theories in an even number of spatial dimensions. We prove the existence of spherically symmetric solutions for a sufficiently large noncommutativity parameter θ and we prove the absence of spherically symmetric solutions for small θ.     

Low-temperature conduction of a system of tunnel-coupled quantum dots in YBaCuO and LaSrMnO dielectric films

This paper reports on new results of experimental investigations into the nature of the electrical resistivity ρ(T) ? const at T<T _crit for YBaCuO and LaSrMnO dielectric films. The films are prepared by pulsed laser deposition and contain nanocrystalline clusters with metallic conductivity. Dependences of the electrical resistivity ρ(T) ? const are observed for the epitaxial films YBaCuO (T _crit=10 K) with a tetragonal structure after exposure to KrF excimer laser radiation and for the as-prepared amorphous films LaSrMnO (T _crit?160 K). The effect of interest (ρ(T) ? const) manifests itself in the case when the optical spectra of the studied samples contain portions attributed to absorption by free charge carriers. The inference is made that this effect can be associated with tunneling conduction in a system of quantum dots.     

Measurement of branching fractions and mass spectra of B-->Kpipigamma

We present a measurement of the partial branching fractions and mass spectra of the exclusive radiative penguin processes B-->Kpipigamma in the range m(Kpipi)<1.8 GeV/c(2). We reconstruct four final states: K(+)pi(-)pi(+)gamma, K(+)pi(-)pi(0)gamma, K(S)(0)pi(-)pi(+)gamma, and K(S)(0)pi(+)pi(0)gamma, where K(S)(0)-->pi(+)pi(-). Using 232 x 10(6) e(+)e(-)-->BB events recorded by the BABAR experiment at the SLAC PEP-II asymmetric-energy storage ring, we measure the branching fractions B(B(+)-->K(+)pi(-)pi(+)gamma)=[2.95+/-0.13(stat)+/-0.20(syst)] x 10(-5), B(B(0)-->K(+)pi(-)pi(0)gamma)=[4.07+/-0.22(stat)+/-0.31(syst)] x 10(-5), B(B(0)-->K(0)pi(+)pi(-)gamma)=[1.85+/-0.21(stat)+/-0.12(syst)] x 10(-5), and B(B(+)-->K(0)pi(+)pi(0)gamma)=[4.56+/-0.42(stat)+/-0.31(syst)] x 10(-5).     

Free convection from horizontal screened plates

Experimental investigations of laminar free convection from horizontal isothermal surfaces screened by cylindrical vertical walls are presented. Screen diameters (D) were equal to the diameter of a heating plate while their heights (H) were varied. Results obtained for several heating fluxes and two different liquids indicate that depending on the (H/D) ratio of cylindrical screens, the heat flux transferred from the heating plate to the liquid varies. Three subranges of screening effect have been distinguished: primary inhibition, intensification and secondary inhibition. For primary inhibition, a theoretical model has been proposed and critical ratio of (H/D) has been predicted. The results of flow visualization are also discussed.

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Freie Konvektion von horizontalen, seitlich abgeschirmten Platten

Zusammenfassung Es werden experimentelle Untersuchungen der laminaren freien Konvektion an horizontalen, isothermen Flächen mit vertikalen zylindrischen Abschirmflächen beschrieben. Die Schirmdurchmesser (D) waren gleich dem einer Heizplatte, während die Schirmhöhen (H) variiert wurden. Die Resultate, welche für mehrere Wärmeflüsse und mit zwei verschiedenen Flüssigkeiten gewonnen wurden, zeigen, daß — abhängig von VerhältnisH/D der zylindrischen Schirme — der von der Heizplatte an das Fluid übergehende Wärmestrom stark variiert. Drei Bereiche konnten bezüglich des Abschirmeffektes unterschieden werden: erste Hemmung, Verstärkung und zweite Hemmung. Für den Fall der ersten Hemmung wird ein theoretisches Modell vorgeschlagen und das kritischeH/D-Verhältnis vorausberechnet. Abschließend erfolgt die Diskussion von Ergebnissen, welche aus der sichtbaren Darstellung des Strömungsfeldes gewonnen wurde.

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Nomenclature a thermal diffusivity [m²/s] - D external diameter of the plate, internal diameter of screens [m] - g gravitational acceleration [m/s²] - H height of screen [m] - Nu= D/ Nusselt number - Nu _(H/D)=0 Nusselt number for plate without screens - Nu _H/D Nusselt number for plate with screen of heightH - Ra=g (T _w1–T _F)D ³/( a) Rayleigh number - Ra _H=g (T _w–T _w1)H ³/( a) Rayleigh number inside screen - q heat flux density [W/m²] - T _w surface temperature of the heating plate [°C] - T _w1 boundary temperature of the motionless liquid [°C] - T _F bulk temperature of the liquid [°C] - heat transfer coefficient [W/(m²·K)] - coefficient of volumetric expansion [1/K] - kinematic viscosity - thermal conductivity [W/(m·K)]