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11.
The reversible transportation of droplets was realized by spatiotemporal control of the wetting gradient. The surface wetting was reversibly regulated by using electrochemical reactions of the ferrocenyl (Fc) alkanethiol monolayer, and the wetting gradient was generated by the application of the in-plane bias voltage to the substrate. The back-and-forth motion of the wetting boundary, where the surface changed from wetting to repulsive, sequentially caused a droplet unidirectional spreading and shrinking on the surface. These unidirectional deformations resulted in the net transport of the droplet in an inchwormlike manner. The droplet moved backward when the direction of the in-plane bias voltage was reversed. 相似文献
12.
On treatment with metallic lithium in the presence of dimethylaminonaphthalene, trialkylsilyl enol ethers of α-phenylseleno ketones were converted into the corresponding α-trialkylsilyl ketones in good yields. 相似文献
13.
Kawai H Katoono R Fujiwara K Tsuji T Suzuki T 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2005,11(3):815-824
The molecular recognition of catecholamines by hydrindacene-based receptors 1 and 2, as well as the durene-based receptor 3, and the guest-induced conformational changes are reported. These receptors selectively bind adrenaline and dopamine salts through the guests' ammonium group and 3-hydroxyl group on the aromatic ring. In the case of adrenaline, an additional hydrogen bond with a benzylic hydroxyl group is formed. In 2 % CD3CN/CDCl3, the association constants are of the order of 10(4) M(-1), which is much larger than with guests without the 3-hydroxyl groups (10(3) M(-1)). The two amide groups of receptor 1 can rotate freely around the C(aromatic)--C(amide) bond, whereas the tert-amide in 2 changes between two stable conformations at a slow enough rate to allow detection by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. In the absence of a guest molecule, the syn-conformer is less stable than the anti-conformer. On complex formation with adrenaline, the syn-conformer becomes dominant due to an intramolecular dipole-reversal effect in addition to multipoint hydrogen bonding. 相似文献
14.
We report here the synthesis of homogeneous polymer hybrids of poly(diallyl phthalate) (PDAP) and silica by utilizing π–π interactions. Use of arylalkoxysilanes such as phenyltrimethoxysilane (PhTMOS), phenethyltrimethoxysilane (PhenethylTMOS) and mesityltrimethoxysilane (MesTMOS) as sources for inorganic phases resulted in optically transparent PDAP-silica polymer hybrids in a wide range of organic and inorganic content ratios. On the other hand, alkoxysilanes such as tetramethoxysilane (TMOS), methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMOS) and i-butyltrimethoxysilane (iBuTMOS) resulted in phase separated, turbid solids. A mixture of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) and PhTMOS was also studied for the synthesis of PDAP-silica gel polymer hybrids to control the cross-linking density in the inorganic phase. Homogeneity was found to be improved with an increase in PhTMOS content. These homogeneous PDAP polymer hybrids were found to have high thermal stability which wasachieved by nano-scale dispersion of PDAP in silica through extensiveinterface interactions. The homogeneity of the polymer hybrids was confirmed by SEM and TEM, which demonstrate a nanometer level integration of the organic polymer and the inorganic phase. 相似文献
15.
Photoluminescence enhancement of PEG-modified YAG:Ce3+ nanocrystal phosphor prepared by glycothermal method 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ (YAG:Ce3+) nanocrystals were synthesized in 1,4-butylene glycol (BG) with and without poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) by the glycothermal method. The internal quantum efficiency of the photoluminescence (PL) corresponding to the 5d --> 4f transition of Ce3+ in the YAG:Ce3+ nanocrystal increased from 21.3 to 37.9% by addition of PEG, while no appreciable change in the primary particle size, the crystallite size, and the lattice distortion was recognized by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry. The thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy and 1H --> 13C cross-polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (CP-MAS NMR) confirmed the preferential coordination of PEG to the YAG:Ce3+ nanocrystal. 27Al single-pulse excitation MAS NMR reveals that the ratio of the 4-fold coordination site to the 6-fold coordination site increased from 0.53 to 0.72 by addition of PEG. We conclude that the surface modification of the YAG:Ce3+ nanocrystal by PEG induces the surface passivation, the prevention of the oxidation of Ce3+ to Ce4+, the promotion of the incorporation of Ce3+ into YAG and the local structural rearrangement, resulting in the PL enhancement. 相似文献
16.
A rhodium-catalyzed isomerization of alpha-arylpropargyl alcohols to indanones has been developed under mild conditions. Considering the ease of preparation of these propargyl alcohols (terminal alkynes + aromatic aldehydes), this method provides a new way of constructing indanones with high efficiency. By the mechanistic investigations using deuterium-labeled substrates, it has also been demonstrated that the reaction goes through an unexpected cascade, with a 1,4-hydrogen shift being the turnover-limiting step of the catalytic cycle. 相似文献
17.
Kobayashi S Miyamura H Akiyama R Ishida T 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2005,127(25):9251-9254
A novel, highly active immobilized ruthenium catalyst, which can be successfully used in oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones, has been developed. In contrast to most immobilized catalysts, the Ru catalyst has activity that is higher than that of the original non-immobilized catalyst. In a batch system, the Ru catalyst was recovered and reused several times without loss of activity. The catalyst was also applied to a flow system, in which excellent conversions and yields were demonstrated. No leaching of Ru was observed in both cases. 相似文献
18.
A novel self-oscillating polymer was prepared by utilizing the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction. In this study, a sulfonic acid group was newly introduced as a pH-control site into the copolymer of N-isopropylacrylamide, and the ruthenium complex was introduced as a catalyst site. By introducing the pH-control site, we succeed in causing the soluble-insoluble self-oscillation of the polymer solution under acid-free conditions in which only two BZ substrates, malonic acid and sodium bromate, were present as added agents. The self-oscillating behavior was remarkably influenced by the temperature and polymer concentration, which reflects the intermolecular aggregative capacity of the polymer chains in the reduced state to change the lower critical solution temperature. This achievement of self-oscillation of polymer chains under acid-free conditions may lead to their practical use as novel biomimetic materials under biological conditions. 相似文献
19.
Majima K Takita R Okada A Ohshima T Shibasaki M 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2003,125(51):15837-15845
We describe the development of a general catalytic asymmetric Michael reaction of acyclic beta-keto esters to cyclic enones, in which asymmetric induction occurs at the beta-position of the acceptors. Among the various asymmetric catalyst systems examined, the newly developed La-NR-linked-BINOL complexes (R = H or Me) afforded the best results in terms of reactivity and selectivity. In general, the NMe ligand 2 was suitable for the combination of small enones and small beta-keto esters, and the NH ligand 1 was suitable for bulkier substrates (steric tuning of the catalyst). Using the La-NMe-linked-BINOL complex, the Michael reaction of methyl acetoacetate (8a) to 2-cyclohexen-1-one (7b) gave the corresponding Michael adduct 9ba in 82% yield and 92% ee. The linker heteroatom in linked-BINOL is crucial for achieving high reactivity and selectivity in the Michael reaction of beta-keto esters. The amine moiety in the NR-linked-BINOL can also tune the Lewis acidity of the central metal (electronic tuning of the catalyst), which was supported by density functional studies and experimental results. Another advantage of the NR-linked-BINOL ligand as compared with O-linked-BINOL is the ease of modifying a substituent on the amine moiety, making it possible to synthesize a variety of NR-linked-BINOL ligands for further improvement or development of new asymmetric catalyses by introducing additional functionality on the linker with the amine moiety. The efficiency of the present asymmetric catalysis was demonstrated by the synthesis of the key intermediate of (-)-tubifolidine and (-)-19,20-dihydroakuammicine in only five steps compared to the nine steps required by the original process from the Michael product of malonate. This strategy is much more atom economical. On the basis of the results of mechanistic studies, we propose that a beta-keto ester serves as a ligand as well as a substrate and at least one beta-keto ester should be included in the active catalyst complex. Further improvement of the reaction by maintaining an appropriate ratio of the La-NMe-linked-BINOL complex and beta-keto esters is also described. 相似文献
20.
Umebayashi Y Fujimori T Sukizaki T Asada M Fujii K Kanzaki R Ishiguro S 《The journal of physical chemistry. A》2005,109(40):8976-8982
Raman spectra of liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMI+) salts, EMI(+)BF4-, EMI(+)PF6-, EMI(+)CF3SO3-, and EMI(+)N(CF3SO2)2-, were measured over the frequency range 200-1600 cm(-1). In the range 200-500 cm(-1), we found five bands originating from the EMI+ ion at 241, 297, 387, 430, and 448 cm(-1). However, the 448 cm(-1) band could hardly be reproduced by theoretical calculations in terms of a given EMI+ conformer, implying that the band originates from another conformer. This is expected because the EMI+ involves an ethyl group bound to the N atom of the imidazolium ring, and the ethyl group can rotate along the C-N bond to yield conformers. The torsion energy for the rotation was then theoretically calculated. Two local minima with an energy difference of ca. 2 kJ mol(-1) were found, suggesting that two conformers are present in equilibrium. Full geometry optimizations followed by normal frequency analyses indicate that the two conformers are those with planar and nonplanar ethyl groups against the imidazolium ring plane, and the nonplanar conformer is favorable. It elucidates that bands at 241, 297, 387, and 430 cm(-1) mainly originate from the nonplanar conformer, whereas the 448 cm(-1) band does originate from the planar conformer. Indeed, the enthalpy for conformational change from nonplanar to planar EMI+ experimentally obtained by analyzing band intensities of the conformers at varying temperatures is practically the same as that evaluated by theoretical calculations. We thus conclude that the EMI+ ion exists as either a nonplanar or planar conformer in equilibrium in its liquid salts. 相似文献