层叠式“产生/判别”混合模型的语音情感识别

提出了层叠式“产生/判别”混合模型的语音情感识别方法。首先,提取63维语句级特征,运用Fisher从中选择12个最佳的语句级特征,建立小波神经网络(WNN)的层叠式产生式模型进行语音情感识别;然后提取69维帧级特征,采用SFS选择出待使用的8维特征,将高斯混合模型(GMM)进行多维概率输出,建立层叠式“产生/判别”混合模型进行语音情感识别。实验结果显示:(1)层叠式“产生/判别”混合模型较单独WNN、GMM、HMM (隐马尔可夫模型)、SVM (支持向量机)的识别率要高;(2)层叠式“产生/判决式”混合模型识别率较基于WNN的层叠产生式模型高;(3) M=13,D维GMM-MAP/SVM (MAP,最大后验概率)串联融合模型为最优的层叠式“产生/判别”混合模型,能获得最高85.1%的识别率。     

基于电泳法和磁控溅射技术制备金纳米阵列

采用纳米球刻蚀技术中的电泳法设计了3组对照实验,通过控制电压、悬浮液的体积分数和基板正负极性,得到电泳法制备纳米球掩膜板的最佳条件,制备出排布均匀的纳米球单层密堆积结构的掩膜板.采用磁控溅射技术在掩膜板上沉积金薄膜,去除纳米球掩模板,通过扫描电子显微镜观察到周期排列的三角形棱台状金纳米颗粒阵列.测量其吸收光谱,可观察到表面等离子体共振吸收峰.     

Synthesis of Fluorescent Gold Nanoclusters Directed by Bovine Serum Albumin and Application for Nitrite Detection

In the present work, gold nanocluster (GNC) induced by bovine serum albumin (BSA) was synthesized as a novel fluorescence probe to detect nitrite (NO₂ ^?) sensitively and selectively. The fluorescence of GNC was found to be quenched effectively by NO₂ ^?. Under the optimum conditions, it was found that the change of fluorescence intensity was proportional with the concentration of NO₂ ^? in the linear range of 0.1–50 μM (R?=?0.9990), with a detection limit (S/N?=?3) of 30 nM. The absorption spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies were employed to discuss the quenching mechanism. In addition, the present approach was successfully applied in real water samples.     

全内反射瞬逝场照明高精度磁镊及其在DNA解旋酶研究中的应用

传统磁镊的测量精度受限于磁球的布朗涨落, 当磁力小于约10 pN时, 磁球的布朗涨落明显增大, 对应磁镊的空间分辨率显著下降. 为了提高传统磁镊在小力条件下的测量精度, 本文将全内反射荧光技术引入到磁镊技术中, 并建立相适应的“磁球-手柄-荧光微球-待测生物分子”单分子连接系统, 在小力条件下(小于10 pN)获得纳米量级的测量精度. 应用改进的磁镊对DNA发卡的折叠-去折叠态的转变过程进行了研究, 依据DNA发卡的折叠-去折叠态转变的性质对全内反射场的穿透深度进行了校正, 并结合实验结果对改进后的磁镊的测量精度进行分析. 观察了Bloom解旋酶的解旋动力学过程, 获得初步实验结果, 证实了改进的磁镊在单分子研究中的实用性. 关键词： 磁镊 全内反射荧光 DNA发卡 解旋酶     

Effect of emitter layer doping concentration on the performance of silicon thin film heterojunction solar cell

A novel type of n/i/i/p heterojunction solar cell with a-Si:H(15 nm)/a-Si:H(10 nm)/ epitaxial c-Si(47 μm)/epitaxial c-Si(3 μm) structure is fabricated by using the layer transfer technique, and the emitter layer is deposited by hot-wire chemical vapour deposition. The effect of the doping concentration of emitter layer S_d (S_d=PH₃/(PH₃+SiH₄+H₂)) on the performance of the solar cell is studied by means of current density-voltage and external quantum efficiency. The results show that the conversion efficiency of the solar cell first increases to a maximum value and then decreases with S_d increasing from 0.1% to 0.4%. The best performance of the solar cell is obtained at S_d = 0.2% with an open circuit voltage of 534 mV, a short circuit current density of 23.35 mA/cm², a fill factor of 63.3%, and a conversion efficiency of 7.9%.     

交叉分子束方法研究H+CH4和H+CD4反应:CH3/CD3的振动激发态产物通道

We study the H+CH₄/CD₄→H₂/HD+CH₃/CD₃ reactions using the time sliced velocity map ion imaging technique. Ion images of the CH₃/CD₃ products were measured by the (2+1) resonance enhanced multi-photon ionization (REMPI) detection method. Besides the CH₃/CD₃ products in the ground state, ion images of the vibrationally excited CH₃/CD₃ products were also observed at two collision energies of 0.72 and 1.06 eV. It is shown that the angular distribution of the products CH₃/CD₃ in vibrationally excited states gradually vary from backward scattering to sideways scattering as the collision energy increases. Compared to the CH₃/CD₃ products in the ground state, the CH₃/CD₃ products in vibrationally excited states tend to be more sideways scattered, indicating that larger impact parameters play a more important role in the vibrationally excited product channels.     

Newton-Leibniz integration for ket-bra operators in quantum mechanics and derivation of entangled state representations

Newton-Leibniz integration rule only applies to commuting functions of continuum variables, while operators made of Dirac’s symbols (ket versus bra, e.g., |q〉〈q| of continuous parameter q) in quantum mechanics are usually not commutative. Therefore, integrations over the operators of type |〉〈| cannot be directly performed by Newton-Leibniz rule. We invented an innovative technique of integration within an ordered product (IWOP) of operators that made the integration of non-commutative operators possible. The IWOP technique thus bridges this mathematical gap between classical mechanics and quantum mechanics, and further reveals the beauty and elegance of Dirac’s symbolic method and transformation theory. Various applications of the IWOP technique, including constructing the entangled state representations and their applications, are presented.     

表面非金属掺杂对锐钛矿相TiO_2(101)面吸附NH_3特性的影响

采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT-D)体系下的第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法,研究了被不同非金属(B、C、N、F)掺杂的TiO_2(101)表面吸附NH_3的特性与作用机理.研究发现:被非金属掺杂后的表面对NH_3的吸附效果要优于未掺杂表面.不同元素掺杂对比发现:C掺杂后的表面吸附能最大,稳定后吸附距离最小,为最稳定吸附结构.通过Mulliken电荷分布和分态密度的分析,得到了不同吸附条件下NH_3在TiO_2掺杂表面的催化氧化还原作用机理,并发现各模型吸附能的不同是由于掺杂(X)位原子与NH_3分子的相互作用强弱不同所造成.掺杂原子在费米面附近的电子态密度贡献越强,掺杂原子与NH_3分子电荷转移的净值越小,吸附距离越小,吸附能越大,吸附更稳定.     

LCC谐振变换器的优化设计与实现

LCC谐振变换器是电除尘高频高压电源的核心器件,十分适用于高压大功率场合,针对连续模式应用于电除尘高频高压电源的不足,采用LCC谐振变换器断续模式进行优化设计。分析了带RC负载的LCC谐振变换器断续模式(简称DCM)的工作原理及拓扑结构,采用状态空间法推导了其数学模型,研究并建立了新颖的LCC谐振变换器断续模式下的损耗模型。在此基础上提出了一种基于遗传粒子群算法的LCC谐振变换器优化设计方法,该方法直观并且准确,实现了软开关技术,提高了电源的工作效率。并在现场通过一台72KV/85KW的电除尘高频高压电源样机验证了本文的正确性。     

基于迈克耳孙干涉光程差放大法的微小位移测量

基于迈克耳孙干涉光路,介绍了一种新的测量微小位移的实验方法.通过在迈克耳孙干涉原光路中添加平行平面镜组,使入射光和反射光在反射镜组中多次反射.当平行平面镜之间的距离发生微小变化后,两反射光束之间光程差将会被放大,通过观测干涉条纹的变化可以计算出微小的位移.设计了实验光路,对该方法进行了实验验证.与传统的迈克耳孙干涉实验相比,该方法的测量精度有很大的提高.