Magnetic alignment in nominally non-magnetic hexagonal metal hydrides: NMR

Powders of three hexagonal metal-hydrides or -deuterides are found to align in 4.4–8.3 T magnetic fields used for NMR. The field-alignment is unexpected, since all three systems have very small susceptibilities, as demonstrated by sharp NMR lines. The extent of alignment runs from nearly complete to barely detectable in ZrBe₂(H,D)_x, LuD₃, and YD₃, respectively. The preferred alignment direction in ZrBe₂(H,D)_x is with the crystallites’ c-axis perpendicular to B, while the c-axis and B tend to be parallel in LuD₃ and YD₃. The susceptibilities χ_|| and χ are determined from bulk magnetization measurements in aligned ZrBe₂H_1.4 powder. The alignment must be considered for proper analysis of NMR spectra in these and related materials.     

First-principle study on the effect of high Li-2N co-doping on the conductivity of ZnO

Based on the density functional theory (DFT), using first-principles plane-wave ultrasoft pseudopotential method, the models of the unit cell of pure ZnO and two highly Li-2N co-doped supercells of Zn_0.9375Li_0.0625O_0.875N_0.125 and Zn_0.9167Li_0.0833O_0.8333N_0.1667 were constructed, and the geometry optimization for the three models was carried out. The total density of states (TDOS) and the band structures (BS) were also calculated. The calculation results showed that in the range of high doping concentration, when the co-doping concentration is more than a certain value, the conductivity decreased with the increase of co-doping concentration of Li-2N in ZnO, which agrees with the change trend of the experimental results.     

Structural and electronic properties of neutral clusters Ga12X (X=C, Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb) and their anions from first principles

The structural and electronic properties of neutral and negatively charged Ga₁₂X (X=C, Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb) clusters are calculated by the first-principles method. The results show that the most stable symmetry depends on the doped atom rather than the geometry structure. However, the geometry symmetry plays an important role in calculating the energy gap. In addition, in the anionic clusters, the added electron would reduce the energy gap by about 0.4 eV. As for the density of states (DOS), clusters with the same symmetry show a similar trend of DOS. The major impact on DOS by adding an electron is the occurrence of relative energy shift.     

Speckle reduction of SAR images using ICA basis enhancement and separation

An approach for synthetic aperture radax (SAR) image de-noising based on independent component analysis (ICA) basis images is proposed. Firstly, the basis images and the code matrix of the original image are obtained using ICA algorithm. Then, pointwise H(o)lder exponent of each basis is computed as a cost criterion for basis enhancement, and then the enhanced basis images are classified into two sets according to a separation rule which separates the clean basis from the original basis. After these key procedures for speckle reduction, the clean image is finally obtained by reconstruction on the clean basis and original code matrix. The reconstructed image shows better visual perception and image quality compared with those obtained by other traditional techniques.     

170 keV Proton radiation effects on low-frequency noise of bipolar junction transistors

In this paper, the electrical properties and low-frequency noise for bipolar junction transistors irradiated by 170?keV proton are examined. The result indicates that for the sample under proton irradiation with fluence 1.25?×?10^14?p/cm², base current I_B in low bias range (V_BE < 0.7?V) increases due to superimposition of radiation-induced recombination current, while the gain decreases significantly. Meanwhile, the low-frequency noise increases in the proton-irradiated sample. By analysis of evolution of parameters extracted from low-frequency noise power spectra, it is demonstrated that radiation-induced noise is mainly originated from carrier fluctuation modulated by generation–recombination centers (G–R centers) located at the interface of Si/SiO₂, which are introduced by proton-radiation-induced defects. It is also confirmed that the electrical properties and noise behavior of irradiated sample are mostly affected by the carrier recombination process caused by G–R centers at the interface of Si/SiO₂ than by G–R centers in EB junctions.     

All-reflective optical system design for extreme ultraviolet lithography

All-reflective optical systems,due to their material absorption and low refractive index,are used to create the most suitable devices in extreme ultraviolet lithography （EUVL）.In this letter,we present a design for an all-reflective lithographic projection lens.We also discuss its design idea and structural system.After analysis of the four-mirror optical system,the initial structural parameters are determined,the optical system is optimized,and the tolerances of the system are analyzed.We also show the implementation of optimal layout and desired imaging performance.     

场诱导下自旋冰系统[111]方向磁相变过程的蒙特卡洛模拟

自旋冰系统因为具有与固体水(冰Ih)中氢原子构型相同的自旋排列局域规则而具有宏观量子简并的基态,即使十分接近零温也不会达到长程磁有序态.外场的诱导将破坏基态的简并而使系统达到长程磁有序.我们在最近邻铁磁相互作用的简化模型下用蒙特卡洛方法模拟了自旋冰系统在[111]方向外场下的磁相变行为.分别给出了不同温度和不同相互作用强度下的磁化曲线,分析了系统的磁化过程中自旋的取向得有序程度以及相变,探讨了相互作用强度对系统磁相变行为的影响.     

一种多重图像融合系统的电配准技术

在多光谱实时图像融合实验系统的基础上,提出一种实现图像融合系统中非共轴光学系统微小量配准的电子学方法,讨论了配准原理、所采用的技术方案及系统实现的技术途径。在机械粗配准之后,系统可快速实现系统微小量的配准功能     

Freeze–Thaw-Promoted Fabrication of Clean and Hierarchically Structured Noble-Metal Aerogels for Electrocatalysis and Photoelectrocatalysis

Noble-metal aerogels (NMAs) have drawn increasing attention because of their self-supported conductive networks, high surface areas, and numerous optically/catalytically active sites, enabling their impressive performance in diverse fields. However, the fabrication methods suffer from tedious procedures, long preparation times, unavoidable impurities, and uncontrolled multiscale structures, discouraging their developments. By utilizing the self-healing properties of noble-metal aggregates, the freezing-promoted salting-out behavior, and the ice-templating effect, a freeze–thaw method is crafted that is capable of preparing various hierarchically structured noble-metal gels within one day without extra additives. In light of their cleanliness, the multi-scale structures, and combined catalytic/optical properties, the electrocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic performance of NMAs are demonstrated, which surpasses that of commercial noble-metal catalysts.