The measurements of coexistence curves and light scattering for {xC6H5CN + (1 − x)CH3(CH2)10CH3} in the critical region

The coexistence curves and light scattering data for a critical solution of (benzonitrile + dodecane) have been reported. The critical exponents relating to the difference in density variables of two coexisting phases β, the correlation length ν, and the osmotic compressibility γ have been determined. The experimental results of the coexistence curves have also been analyzed to examine the Wegner correction terms and the behavior of the diameter of the coexistence curves. The data analysis shows that the 3D-Ising behavior is valid in a temperature range close to the critical point. However, in a wide temperature range the exponential values of ν and γ change with the temperature significantly, clearly exhibiting the critical crossover from the 3D-Ising universality class to the classical one.     

Carbon encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles produced by hydrothermal reaction

Carbon encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles(CEMNs)were synthesized by heating an aqueous glucose solution containing Fe-Au(Au coated Fe nanoparticles)nanoparticles at 160-180℃ for 2 h.This novel hydrothermal approach is not only simple but alsoprovides the surface of CEMNs with functional groups like-OH.The formation of carbon encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles wasnot favored when using pure Fe nanoparticles as cores because of the oxidation of Fe nanoparticles by H2O during the reaction and,therefore,the surfaces of the naked Fe nanoparticles had to be coated by Au shell in advance.TEM,XRD,XPS and VSMmeasurments characterized that they were uniform carbon spheres containing some embedded Fe-Au nanoparticles,with asaturation of 14.6 emu/g and the size of the typical product is$350 nm.     

Using Computer Algebra to Certify the Global Convergence of a Numerical Optimization Process

The basic objective of blind signal separation is to recover a set of source signals from a set of observations that are mixtures of the sources with no, or very limited knowledge about the mixture structure and source signals. To extract the original sources, many algorithms have been proposed; among them, the cross-correlation and constant modulus algorithm (CC-CMA) appears to be the algorithm of choice due to its computational simplicity. An important issue in CC-CMA algorithm is the global convergence analysis, because the cost function is not quadratic nor convex and contains undesirable stationary points. If these undesirable points are local minimums, the convergence of the algorithm may not be guaranteed and the CC-CMA would fail to separate source signals. The main result of this paper is to complete the classification of these stationary points and to prove that they are not local minimums unless if the mixing parameter is equal to 1. This is obtained by using the theory of discriminant varieties to determine the stationnary points as a function of the parameter and then to show that the Hessian matrix of the cost function is not positive semidefinite at these stationnay points, unless if the mixing parameter is 1.      

Synthesis,Crystal Structure,Thermal and Explosive Properties of [Cd(SCZ)3(H2O)](PA)2·3H2O (SCZ = Semicarbazide,PA = Picrate)

The heptacoordinate transition metal coordination compound [Cd(SCZ)₃(H₂O)](PA)₂ · 3H₂O ( 1 ) with the ligand semicarbazide (SCZ) and the counteranion picrate (PA) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c. The Cd²⁺ ion is heptacoordinated by three SCZ groups and a water molecule. SCZ presents typical bidentate coordination modes. The thermal decomposition mechanism of 1 was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), which revealed that complex 1 exhibits three small endothermic and two large exothermic processes. The non‐isothermal kinetics parameters were calculated by the Kissinger's method and Ozawa‐Doyle's method, respectively. The heat of combustion was measured by oxygen bomb calorimetry. The enthalpy of formation, the critical temperature of thermal explosion, the entropy of activation (ΔS^≠), the enthalpy of activation (ΔH^≠), and the free energy of activation (ΔG^≠) were also calculated. Sensitivity tests revealed that 1 is insensitive to mechanical stimuli.     

HPLC测定不同来源川楝子中川楝素

对不同地区市售川楝子药材中川楝素含量进行测定与分析,为川楝子质量标准的制定提供参考依据.采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为Agilent Zorbax SB-C18(4.6 mm×150mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-水(28∶72,V/V),流速为1.0mL·min-1,检测波长为210nm,柱温为35℃.不同来源川楝子药材中均含有川楝素但含量差异较大,均符合2010年版《中国药典》川楝子含量测定项下的限量标准.方法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于川楝子药材及其制剂的质量控制.     

强阳离子交换整体柱的研制及其在电色谱多肽分离中的应用

以丙烯酸、2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸为功能单体,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,正十二醇、1,4-丁二醇及二甲基亚砜为致孔剂,偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,原位聚合制备了丙烯酰胺类强阳离子交换整体柱。考察了驱动电压、有机调节剂、盐浓度、pH值等对电渗流的影响。结果表明,电渗流与驱动电压的线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9981;有机调节剂乙腈对电渗流的影响除与流动相的黏度有关外,还与固定相的溶胀有关,当浓度低时,电渗流随乙腈浓度的增加有反常的下降趋势;随着磷酸盐浓度逐渐增加,电渗流降低,与理论相符;在pH值为3～9范围内,电渗流基本上保持恒定,体现了整体柱使用酸碱范围宽的优越性。在优化的实验条件下,采用毛细管电色谱法在此整体柱上成功分离了5种多肽,体现了该类整体柱在多肽分离研究中的优势,为进一步将其应用于蛋白质分离研究打下了基础。     

Small‐Sized and Contacting Pt–WC Nanostructures on Graphene as Highly Efficient Anode Catalysts for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

The synergistic effect between Pt and WC is beneficial for methanol electro‐oxidation, and makes Pt–WC catalyst a promising anode candidate for the direct methanol fuel cell. This paper reports on the design and synthesis of small‐sized and contacting Pt–WC nanostructures on graphene that bring the synergistic effect into full play. Firstly, DFT calculations show the existence of a strong covalent interaction between WC and graphene, which suggests great potential for anchoring WC on graphene with formation of small‐sized, well‐dispersed WC particles. The calculations also reveal that, when Pt attaches to the pre‐existing WC/graphene hybrid, Pt particles preferentially grow on WC rather than graphene. Our experiments confirmed that highly disperse WC nanoparticles (ca. 5 nm) can indeed be anchored on graphene. Also, Pt particles 2–3 nm in size are well dispersed on WC/graphene hybrid and preferentially grow on WC grains, forming contacting Pt–WC nanostructures. These results are consistent with the theoretical findings. X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy further confirms the intimate contact between Pt and WC, and demonstrates that the presence of WC can facilitate the crystallinity of Pt particles. This new Pt–WC/graphene catalyst exhibits a high catalytic efficiency toward methanol oxidation, with a mass activity 1.98 and 4.52 times those of commercial PtRu/C and Pt/C catalysts, respectively.     

Biogasification of Green and Food Wastes Using Anaerobic-Phased Solids Digester System

The performance of a laboratory-scale anaerobic-phased solid (APS) digester system treating food and green wastes was evaluated at thermophilic condition. The APS system comprised of four hydrolysis digesters and one biogasification reactor. The hydrolysis reactors were operated batchwised at a 12-day retention time, while the biogasification reactor was continuously operated at different hydraulic retention times (HRT). The biogas and methane yields from green waste were determined to be 0.438 and 0.252 L/g volatile solid (VS), respectively, with VS removal of 78%. The biogas and methane yields from food waste were 0.596 and 0.379 L/g VS, respectively, with VS removal of 85%. Hydrogen was produced from hydrolysis reactors during the digestion of food waste. Its content was 30.1% and 8.5% of the biogas produced on the first and second day of digestion, respectively. Hydrogen yield from the whole system was determined to be 0.029 L/g VS representing about 4.9% of the total biogas production from the system. The ratio between the volumes of biogasification and hydrolysis reactors (BR/HR) was found to be a factor that affects the process performance and stability.     

Electropolymerization of Acid Chrome Blue K on Glassy Carbon Electrode for the Determination of Curcumin

Acid chrome blue K (ACBK) was electropolymerized on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by cyclic voltammetric sweep in the potential range from –0.2 to 0.9 V. The characteristic of poly‐ACBK film was studied by different methods such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry. This modified electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic response to curcumin with the increase of the electrochemical responses. Under the optimal conditions a good linear voltammetric response could be obtained over the range of 1.0 × 10^?7‐7.0 × 10^?5 M and the detection limit was got as 4.1 × 10^?8 M (S/N = 3). The method was successfully applied for the determination of curcumin in human urinev samples.