羟基对界面水分子的扰动与其对非离子型氢氟烃杂化表面活性剂聚集行为的改变

本文合成并比较了具有和不具有羟基的两种非离子型氢氟烃杂化表面活性剂,它们均表现出良好的热稳定性和优异的表面活性. 实验观察到羟基对改变其溶液的表面张力和所形成胶束的形态具有较大的影响. 该作用可归因于烷烃基团从空气/水表面上方到其下方的重排以及由羟基诱导的界面水结构的扰动. 本工作提供了一种通过修改界面处的取向结构来弱化碳氢链和碳氟链之间的不混溶性,从而利于设计具有不同界面性质表面活性剂的策略.     

A solvent-governed surface state strategy for rational synthesis of N and S co-doped carbon dots with multicolour fluorescence

ABSTRACT

Multicolour emissive carbon dots (CDs) are widely investigated by virtue of their merits on fluorescent properties. Method on heteroatom doping assisted with various solvents has been proved efficient in achieving multiple-colour-emissive CDs, especially long-wavelength emission. Herein, a synthesis of multicolour-emissive CDs by controlled surface function is reported. By tuning the thermal-pyrolysis temperature and molar ratio of reactants, optimal emission of the resulted CDs gradually shifts from blue to yellow light with the assistance of different solvents. According to the emissive relationship dependent on excitation, fluorescence lifetimes, and FT-IR of these CDs, the different surface states participated with S and N elements on the surface of carbogenic core govern fluorescent colours of the CDs. In terms of the applications, blue CDs (B-CDs) exhibits high sensitivity for ion detections of Ag⁺ and Fe³⁺, which is further illustrated to have different quenching mechanisms each other because that these ions have the affinity interaction with different surface groups of the CDs. Moreover, blue and yellow CDs solutions are mixed with PVP water solution to fabricate white-light CDs/PVP film, which exhibits stable fluorescence with a CIE coordinate of (0.32, 0.33) and endows these CDs as potentially fluorescent nanomaterial in the solid state lighting field.     

Can (H2O) n (n = 1–2) as effective catalysts in the CH2OO + H2S reaction under tropospheric conditions?

The addition reaction of CH₂OO?+?H₂S → HSCH₂OOH without and with catalyst X (X?=?H₂O and (H₂O)₂) has been investigated by CCSD(T)-F12a/VTZ-F12//B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ method and canonical variational transition state theory with small curvature tunneling correction. When H₂O was introduced in the CH₂OO?+?H₂S reaction, it not only acts as a catalyst for producing HSCH₂OOH, but also plays as a reactant to forming HOCH₂OOH. The formation channel of HSCH₂OOH is more important than the formation channel of HOCH₂OOH with its calculated rate constant larger by 11.0–43.2 times within the temperature 280–320?K. Then, (H₂O)₂ catalysed CH₂OO?+?H₂S → HSCH₂OOH reaction has been taken into account with its rate lower 1.9–4.2 times than the reaction of CH₂OO?+?H₂S → HSCH₂OOH with water. Also, CH₂OO?+?H₂S with H₂O cannot compete with the CH₂OO?+?H₂S reaction without water. This is different from CH₂OO?+?(H₂O)₂ reaction, which is about 4 orders of magnitude larger than the rate constant for CH₂OO?+?H₂O reaction. Such discrepancy is possible because C(CH₂OO)···O(H₂O) interaction has been enhanced more obviously by H₂O as compared to that of C(CH₂OO)···O(H₂S) interaction.     

氮低温制冷循环系统在大科学装置中的应用与发展

大科学装置中低温设备的氮低温冷量需要日益快速增长,为减少能耗和保障装置的长期稳定运行,基于大科学装置氮低温系统运行需求,介绍了氮低温制冷循环系统在国内外大科学装置中的应用情况,总结了目前大科学装置中应用氮低温制冷循环系统的研究现状,并探讨以氮制冷机为核心的氮低温制冷循环系统在未来大科学装置中发展方向。     

间二甲苯分子在不同外电场下结构和解离特性研究

间二甲苯是挥发性有机物(VOCs, Volatile Organic Compounds)的关键活性成分,研究其在外电场下的性质十分重要.采用密度泛函理论(DFT),在B3LYP/6-311G++基组水平上对间二甲苯分子进行优化,从分子结构研究了不同外电场(-0.025 a.u.～0.025 a.u.)作用下,间二甲苯分子的总能量,键长,电偶极矩,前线轨道,红外光谱和解离势能面.计算结果表明,沿两甲基中C原子连线方向的电场(-0.025 a.u.～0.025 a.u.)增加时,分子总能量和能隙先增大后减小,电偶极矩先减小后增加.通过计算发现外电场对间二甲苯分子不同键长和不同振动模式的红外光谱的影响均有所不同.间二甲苯分子的解离特性表现为:沿两甲基中C原子连线方向施加强度超过0.047 a. u.的电场时,位于电场增加方向的甲基与苯环之间起连接作用的C-C键断裂.以上计算结果可为利用电场降解间二甲苯提供重要理论参考.     

尺寸可控的CoFe2O4纳米粒子的制备及其磁性

采用共沉淀方法制备了一系列CoFe2O1纳米粒子.X射线衍射、透射电镜和拉曼光谱的分析显示,通过改变NaOH浓度.可以制备单相的CoFe2O1纳米粒子,晶格常数在0.830～0.840 nm之间,品粒尺寸在9.0～65.0 nm之间.研究结果表明,样品的矫顽力随着样品的尺寸的增加而增大,9.0 nm的CoFe2O1纳米粒子的矫顽力为0.283 2 T,而65.0 nm的CoFe2O1纳米粒子的矫顽力为0.467 4 T,饱和磁化强度与CoFe2O1纳米磁性粒子表面原子的不同分布有关.     

高压结晶PET/PC共混体系中大尺寸聚合物伸直链晶体的形态观察

 大尺寸聚合物伸直链晶体在低维体系物理学的研究中具有不可替代的重要作用。但以往高压合成的聚合物伸直链晶体,尺寸较小且合成时间过长,使其作用至今未能显现。加入10%（质量分数）聚碳酸酯（PC）于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）中,在研究PET/PC共混体系高压结晶行为的过程中快速合成了大量生长厚度超过100 μm 的聚合物伸直链晶体,并采用扫描电子显微镜对其进行了深入研究。研究表明,高压结晶PET/PC共混体系中存在不同类型的大尺寸伸直链晶体：完善的伸直链晶体、沿平行或垂直于C轴方向发生断裂的伸直链晶体、内聚能密度较大而发生内聚破裂的伸直链晶体、不同断裂方式下呈不同形态的楔形状伸直链晶体以及弯曲的伸直链晶体。同时对不同形态伸直链晶体的形成机理作了阐述。     

基于LabVIEW空间瞬态光信号处理技术

分析了待探测的瞬态光信号、背景光信号和高频干扰信号频率的特性,利用LabVIEW软件平台设计虚拟仪器,进行信号处理和分析.设计了数字滤波器,对采集到的信号进行数字滤波,对滤波后的目标信号进行谱估计,得到功率谱密度.试验结果表明,该方法设计简单,运行可靠,滤波效果显著.     

Entanglement of Momentum for a Single Photon with a Single Atom

In this talk, the interaction of a single photon injected to a single atom is studied, for which initially the photon is uncorrelated with the atom. The spontaneous emitted photon will then evolve to be entangled with the atom on their continuous kinetic variables （momentum） in the process of resonant scattering. We find the relations between the entanglement and their physical control parameters （such as the linewidth of the injected photon wave packet, and that of the atomic wave packet, etc. ）, which indicates that high entanglement can be reached by broadening the scale of the atomic wave or squeezing the linewidth of the incident single-photon pulse.