Chloracylierung und Bromacylierung von Carbonylverbindungen: Eine in Vergessenheit geratene Carbonylreaktion. I. Präparative Anwendungsbreite

Chloroacylation and bromoacylation of carbonyl compounds: A forgotten carbonyl reaction. I. Scope of the reaction Aliphatic, α,β-unsaturated and aromatic aldehydes as well as aliphatic ketones react with acyl halides to (α-haloalkyl)esters. These bifunctional derivates contain two leaving groups of different reactivity. The scope of this scarcely of this scarcely known carbonyl reaction is discussed.     

Development of an Enzyme Immunoassay for the Determination of the Herbicide Metsulfuron-Methyl Based on Chicken Egg Yolk Antibodies

Abstract

The development of an indirect competitive enzyme immunoassay for the sulfonylurea herbicide metsulfuron-methyl (MSM) is described. In contrast to traditional antibody generation in mammals, this extremely sensitive method is based on chicken egg yolk antibodies (IgY). They were raised in laying hens using an MSM-derivative-BSA hapten as immunogen. With a 1:10000 dilution of the antibody solution and a coating antigen (MSM-derivative-KLH) concentration of 10 μg L^?1 the IC₅₀ value achieved for the target analyte was 0.4 μg L^?1. The least detectable dose was established at 13 ng L^?1. Cross-reactivity was tested with 5 structurally related compounds, where only sulfometuron showed a significant binding. The ELISA was tested with spiked tap and surface water samples. This paper, for the first time, demonstrates the production of high-affinity IgY antibodies for a herbicide compound.     

Blends from redox active liquid crystal ionomers and amorphous ionomers

Abstract

Biphasic blends (mixtures) of liquid crystal ionomers (prepared from ferrocene containing liquid crystal polymers by a redox reaction) and partially sulfonated polystyrene combine the constituent properties in a way, which is dependent on the measuring method. Polarizing microscopy shows homogenous textures similar to the pure liquid crystal polymer. Mechanical measurements show however the elastomeric behaviour of sulfonated polystyrene. The phase separated structure of these blends is proved by differential scanning calorimetry measurements.     

Performance of a silicon monochromator under high heat load

The performance of a cryogenically cooled double‐crystal silicon monochromator was studied under high‐heat‐load conditions with total absorbed powers and power densities ranging from 8 to 780 W and from 8 to 240 W mm^?2, respectively. When the temperature of the first crystal is maintained close to the temperature of zero thermal expansion of silicon, the monochromator shows nearly ideal performance with a thermal slope error of 0.6 µrad. By tuning the size of the first slit, the regime of the ideal performance can be maintained over a wide range of heat loads, i.e. from power densities of 110 W mm^?2 (at total absorbed power of 510 W) to 240 W mm^?2 (at total absorbed power of 240 W).