Development of the Low Energy Particle Toroidal Accumulator project

The Low Energy Particle Toroidal Accumulator (LEPTA), a positron storage ring with electron cooling, was constructed and put in operation at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna). The storage ring is a generator of directed beams of ortho-positronium (o-Ps) produced upon the recombination of the beam of positrons circulating in the storage ring with a single-pass electron beam. In 2004 the storage ring was put in operation with the circulating electron beam. The source of positrons of the positron injector was tested with a new radioactive source delivered from South Africa. The positron trap was put in operation for electrons. The electron cooling system was tested with a pulsed electron beam. The progress in commissioning LEPTA is described in this paper.     

Molecular thermodynamics: Allowance for momentum and structural equilibrium

The possibility and the value of updating the theoretical base of classical thermodynamics were demonstrated. The energy of particles is divided between kinetic and potential energy. Universal coordinates are introduced to take account of the motion and the interaction of particles (with each other or with an external field). The theoretical potential and the application range of the formulated thermodynamics (called molecular thermodynamics) are substantially extended. The new criteria of structural and momentum equilibrium and their repercussions are introduced and illustrated, and statistical analogs are established. The mutual convexity and other unexpected characteristics of the thermodynamic functions are exposed. The applications of the theory are extended to classical and nonequilibrium systems.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 31, No. 6, pp. 339–350, November–December, 1995.     

Low-temperature oxidation of methane in the presence of SIO2-supported palladium(II) complexes and phosphorus-molybdenum-vanadium heteropoly compounds

In the presence of silica-gel supported PdCl₂ and phosphorus-molybdenum-vanadium heteropoly compounds of the 12th series, methane is oxidized at 300°C to form methyl chloride (up to 20% with respect to the reacted methane at the maximum CH₃Cl concentration), carbon dioxide (maximum yield 25%), and carbon compounds of catalyst components (up to 10% with respect to methane carbon).Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 163–166, May–June, 1994.     

Abnormal positional selectivity of toluene nitration by acetyl nitrate in CCl4 medium

An abnormally high yield (>50%) of m-nitrotoluene has been observed at the initial reaction period in the system AcONO₂/CCl₄.

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AcONO₂/CCl₄ (>50%) -.

     

Mechanism of the Oxidation of Cyclohexane by Peroxynitrous Acid in Media with and without Oxygen

A study was carried out on the products and kinetics of the reaction of cyclohexane with peroxynitrous acid (HOONO) in a three-phase system containing an aqueous solution, cyclohexane, and a gaseous phase (O₂ or He). In both the helium and oxygen atmosphere, cyclohexanol is formed with a constant initial rate, while cyclohexane is formed after a considerable induction period related to the release of O₂ upon the decomposition of HOONO.