On the number of subwords of everywhere growing DTOL languages

It is shown that the number of subwords of length k that can be found in an everywhere growing DTOL language (one which is generated by a DTOL system in which each letter derives at least two letters in every step) is bounded by a polynomial in k. Furthermore this polynomial bound is shown to be best.     

Key fragmentation patterns of aporphine alkaloids by electrospray ionization with multistage mass spectrometry

This work reports a detailed study of the fragmentations of aporphine alkaloids by electrospray ionization with multistage mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) in positive mode. In a first step the loss of the amino group and its substituent is observed. Further steps display the loss of the peripheral groups. Losses of methanol and CO are observed if an OH is vicinal to an OCH(3) on the aromatic ring. Otherwise the spectra show radical losses of CH(3)* or CH(3)O* as the main fragmentations. If a methylenedioxy group is present losses of formaldehyde followed by CO are observed. These fragmentations yield important information on the structures of aporphines.     

Metal-containing nanoparticles with core-polymer shell structure

Metal-polymer nanocomposites, which comprise nanoparticles of metals and/or their oxides and carbides uniformly distributed in stabilizing polymer matrices, are prepared through solid-phase polymerization of metal-containing monomers followed by controlled thermolysis of synthesized metal-containing polymers. Using X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, ferromagnetic resonance, and IR spectroscopy, it is shown that nanoparticles present in these systems have a characteristic core-shell structure that comprises a metal-containing core and a surface layer, i.e., a polymer shell. Parameters of the components are estimated.     

Dynamic reconstruction of disturbances in stochastic differential equations

The reconstruction of the unknown deterministic disturbance in an Ito stochastic differential equation is studied using the Osipov-Kryazhimskii dynamic inversion theory. Inexact discrete observations of the current phase state are used as input data. A finite-step solving algorithm based on the method of auxiliary controllable models is proposed. Its convergence is proved, and the compatibility conditions for the parameters are given.