Copper sorption on a straw lignin: experiments and EPR characterization

Spectroscopic and physicochemical data, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), solid-state (13)C cross-polarization magic-angle-spinning NMR, GC/MS, specific surface area, site density, and surface acidity constants have been recorded or determined for a ligno-cellulosic substrate (LS) extracted from straw. Its copper(II)-bound ability has also been studied. The LS solid that exhibits two types of binding sites, carboxylic and phenolic groups, has a great affinity for copper(II), with a maximum of adsorption at around 4 mg g(-1) as early as the pH reaches 6. The structural characterization of the Cu(II) surface complexes has been investigated using EPR spectroscopy. The CuO(4) chromophore of the inner-sphere surface complexes is a slightly distorted square. A surface oxidation occurred simultaneously, which leads to semiquinonic radicals. Furthermore, our empirical approach, which used a correlation between thermodynamics data and EPR parameters, has led to a surface complexation constant log beta equal to 12.6. This indicates that copper(II) surface complexes are relatively stable.     

Acidobasic properties of molten potassium tetrahalogenogallates (X=Cl,I)

Molten potassium tetrachlorogallate and potassium tetraiodogallate were studied in terms of halogenoacidity, based on X^? ion-exchange. Titration of KX solution with GaX₃ were achieved and characterized by the shift of cathodic voltammetric curves. Autodissociation constants K_i,X/mol² kg^?1 were determined: ?log K_i,Cl=4.25±0.05 and ?log K_i,I=2.6±0.05, as well as the solubility values of KX: 0.41±0.02 and 0.80±0.02 mol kg^?1 for KCl and KI respectively.     

Catalytic wet air oxidation of oleic acid on ceria-supported platinum catalyst.effect of pH

Summary Catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of oleic acid was carried out in a batch reactor on platinum supported ceria catalyst (Pt/CeO₂). Oleic acid is a water insoluble linear unsaturated fatty acid of 18 carbon atoms. To increase the homogeneity of the solution by saponification, the influence of NaOH additions in oleic acid CWAO mechanism and catalyst performances have been investigated. The oxidation of such molecule occurs by two types of mechanisms: successive carboxy-decarboxylation which leads essentially to CO₂and/or C-C bonds splitting in the alkyl chain inducing a high formation of acetic acid. With or without NaOH, the 5%Pt/CeO₂catalyst is active in the conversion of oleic acid and selective to carbon dioxide. In alkaline medium, oleic acid is initially saponified which increases the solubility of the reactant before it to be oxidized. Finally the oxidation is slightly delayed by the presence of NaOH. The catalyst characterizations show no significant difference before and after reaction.</o:p>     

Asymmetric synthesis of aldehydes via alkylation of lithiated chiral α-phenethylimines

The lithiation and alkylation of three aldehydes in the form of their α-phenethylimines has been shown to yield chiral α-alkylaldehydes of 67–70% optical purity.     

Regiospecific syntheses of quinones using vinylketene acetals derived from unsaturated esters

A general method of annellating quinones in high yield has been devised using mixed vinylketene acetals obtained directly from the enolate ions of unsaturated esters.     

Structure du stearyl-velutinal,sequiterpenoide naturel de lactarius velutinus bert1.

Stearyl-velutinal, a new natural sesquiterpenoi&#x030B;d isolated from lactarius velutinus Bert., has the structure $\text{1}$; this very labile compound is responsible for the dark-blue reation of the fungus to the ‘sulfo-vanilic’ mixtures.     

PROFLAVINE MEDIATED PHOTOINACTIVATION OFBACTERIOPHAGE φX174 AND ITS ISOLATED DNA: EFFECTS OF AGENTS MODIFYING VARIOUS PHOTOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS

Abstract. Thiols and disulfides protect both φX174 phage and its isolated DNA from the lethal action of proflavine plus light. The protective ability of these compounds appears to be attributed to the -SH or the -S-S- group and the property to interact with the proflavine-phage DNA complex. The phage inactivation efficiency per proflavine bound to DNA is reduced by 50 to 30% upon addition of cysteine or cystamine. Substances that affect the lifetime of singlet oxygen modify the rate of phage photoinactivation in the presence of proflavine; the inactivation rate is decreased by N^-₃ and increased by D₂O. Irradiation under N₂ atmosphere markedly decreases the phage photosensitization by proflavine. Irradiation with monochromatic light of 440 nm is less efficient than irradiation with light of 440 nm plus 360 nm, and the difference is more pronounced in N₂ than in air. These results are discussed in relation to various possible photochemical pathways.     

The Reaction of Norbornene with Lead Tetraacetate and Thallium Trinitrate. Preliminary communication

The reaction of norbornene with lead tetraacetate is found to be much more complex than previously reported. In acetic acid and in benzene, the syn-7-norbornenyl, 3-nortricyclyl, and syn and anti-7-acetoxy-exo-2-norbornyl acetates were characterized. In methanol, the isolated products represented most of those expected from the competition of methanol and acetate in the neutralization of the intermediate carbocations. The reaction of norbornene with thallium trinitrate in the above solvents yielded very complex mixtures besides the above mentioned products which were formed in about 50% yield.     

Effects of background electrolyte composition and addition of selectors on separation selectivity in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis

This review gives a survey of the approaches employed to obtain, enhance and tune selectivity in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE). Recent developments in NACE are described and the effects of background electrolyte composition and addition of selectors on separation selectivity are discussed. The use of one organic solvent, a mixture of several organic solvents or the use of additives to tune separation selectivity in NACE is presented and a list of relevant applications is included.     

Irreversible cathodic behavior of graphite in the presence of some mixtures of onium salts

The electrochemically induced dissolution of ferrocene in a carbon paste electrode is investigated by using chronoamperometry at constant potential. Two types of behaviour are observed, according to the initial form of ferrocene: particles or deposit. The experimental i-t curves are respectively in agreement with the theoretical curves, derived earlier, in the case of spherical particles or planar slabs of solid. The analysis of the curve shows that the process is diffusion controlled, so that the dissolution rate of ferrocene cannot be measured. The parameters calculated from the curves (thickness of the deposit, initial distance from the electrode, area) have a reasonable order of magnitude.