Design,synthesis of novel quinazolin-4-one derivatives and biological evaluation against human MCF-7 breast cancer cell line

A new series of 6,8-dibromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives VI–XIII were synthesized. Their chemical structures were confirmed by spectral and elemental analysis. The cytotoxic effect of the newly synthesized compounds was tested in vitro against human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Most of the tested compounds have shown promising cytotoxic activity. Compounds X and XIIIb exerted a powerful cytotoxic effect against MCF-7 with a very low IC50 (0.0015 and 0.0047 µmol/ml), while compounds VI, VII, VIII, XIIb, XI, XIIIc and IX exerted a moderate cytotoxic effect (IC50 0.01523, 0.0213, 0.031, 0.0478, 0.049, 0.068 and 0.079 µmol/ml respectively), compared to doxorubicin (0.0025 µmol/ml). Exploring their apoptotic effect; interestingly,all compounds activated apoptotic cascade in MCF-7. Compounds VI, XIIIb, XIIb, XI, XIIa, VII, V and VIII showed potent effect even much more than doxorubicin by 12.87–5.91 folds, while compounds XIIIc, IX, XIIIa, XIIc and X showed moderate increase in CASP3 activity by 4.96–3.22 folds relative to untreated cells more or less similar to doxorubicin (5.57 folds).     

Non-local symmetries of first-order equations

It is shown how one can transform scalar first-order ordinarydifferential equations which admit non-local symmetries of theexponential type to integrable equations admitting canonicalexponential non-local symmetries. As examples we invoke theAbel equation of the second kind, the Riccati equation and naturalgeneralizations of these. Moreover, our method describes howa double reduction of order for a second-order ordinary differentialequation which admits a two-dimensional Lie algebra of generatorsof point symmetries can be affected if the second-order equationis first reduced in order once by a symmetry which does notspan an ideal of the two-dimensional Lie algebra.     

Direct one-index transformations in multiconfiguration response calculations

The evaluation of gradient vectors of a general operator with one-index, double-one-index, or higher-order one-index transformed integrals is a key operation in multiconfiguration response theory calculations. We describe an integral-driven direct algorithm that carries out this operation efficiently without pretransforming the integrals. The use of this algorithm leads to a considerable reduction in disk space and timing. © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

The characterization of the complete set of bound vibronic states of HNO in its excited Ã1A″ electronic state

Laser-induced fluorescence excitation spectra of the HNO $\text{A}\text{?}{}^1\text{A″-}\text{X}\text{?}{}^1\text{A′}$ band system have been recorded with high sensitivity. This has enabled detection of the Franck-Condon unfavored vibronic bands (002)-(000) and (003)-(000), thereby completing the set of fully bound vibronic levels in the $\text{A}\text{?}$ state. Extensions have also been made to other bands. A strong Coriolis resonance between the K_a¹ = 8 levels of the excited (010) vibronic state and the K_a¹ = 9 levels of the (001) state leads to rotational perturbations of up to 9 cm^?1. The (100-000) band includes weak axis-tilting branches. It is concluded from the vibrational energy level spacings that vibronic interaction makes an important contribution to the energies of the higher bending levels, consistent with the correlation of the $\text{A}\text{?}{}^1\text{A″}$ state with a component of a ¹Δ state for linear HNO.     

Electro-elastic interactions and second order anisotropic constitutive equations

Piezoelectricity is usually expressed as an interaction between mechanical and electrical variables. The physics involved is hence governed by a coupling between Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism and the equations of elasticity. Such a coupling takes us through the piezoelectric constitutive relations. In this work, the second order anisotropic constitutive equations are treated, and in particular, the number of independent material constants is computed for all the 32 crystallographic classes.Paper presented, in reduced version, at the 12th Italian National Congress of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (AIMETA '95), October 1995, Naples, Italy.     

Transition to Chaos in the Floating Half Zone Convection

The transition process from steady convection to chaos is experimentally studied in thermocapillary convections of floating half zone. The onset of temperature oscillations in the liquid bridge of floating half zone and further transitions of the temporal convective behaviour are detected by measuring the temperature in the liquid bridge. The fast Fourier transform reveals the frequency and amplitude characteristics of the flow transition. The experimental results indicate the existence of a sequence of period-doubling bifurcations that culminate in chaos. The measured Feigenbaum numbers are δ2 =4.69 and δ4 = 4.6, which are comparable with the theoretical asymptotic value δ=4.669.     

Implications for Fisheries Policy of Complex Ecologic–Economic Dynamics

Fishery dynamics are considered within the context of an integrated ecologic–economic, or bioeconomic, approach. The possibility of complex dynamics is examined, both of the chaotic as well as the catastrophic variety. Issues involving learning and convergence by fishers are considered as are complications arising from the hierarchical nature of fisheries. Policy responses to these problems are seen to involve the precautionary principle to mitigate the threat of catastrophic discontinuities and the scale-matching principle to ensure that management and property rights system are properly implemented.     

Do nonlinear dynamics in economics amount to a Kuhnian paradigm shift?

Much empirical analysis and econometric work recognizes that there are nonlinearities, regime shifts or structural breaks, asymmetric adjustment costs, irreversibilities and lagged dependencies. Hence, empirical work has already transcended neoclassical economics. Some progress has also been made in modeling endogenously generated cyclical growth and fluctuations. All this is inconsistent with neoclassical general equilibrium. Hence there is growing evidence of Kuhnian anomalies. It therefore follows that there is a Kuhnian crisis in economics and further research in nonlinear dynamics and complexity can only increase the Kuhnian anomalies. This crisis can only deepen. However, there is an ideological commitment to general equilibrium that justifies "free enterprise" with only minimal state intervention that may still sustain neoclassical economics despite the growing evidence of Kuhnian anomalies. Thus, orthodox textbook theory continues to ignore this fact and static neoclassical theory remains a dogma with no apparent reformulation to replace it.     

Econophysics and the Entropic Foundations of Economics

This paper examines relations between econophysics and the law of entropy as foundations of economic phenomena. Ontological entropy, where actual thermodynamic processes are involved in the flow of energy from the Sun through the biosphere and economy, is distinguished from metaphorical entropy, where similar mathematics used for modeling entropy is employed to model economic phenomena. Areas considered include general equilibrium theory, growth theory, business cycles, ecological economics, urban–regional economics, income and wealth distribution, and financial market dynamics. The power-law distributions studied by econophysicists can reflect anti-entropic forces is emphasized to show how entropic and anti-entropic forces can interact to drive economic dynamics, such as in the interaction between business cycles, financial markets, and income distributions.     

Syntheses and degradations of fluorinated heterocyclics

Tris (perluoro-n-heptyl)-s-triazine, the perfluoroether substituted-s-triazine [C₃F₇OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF(CF₃]₃C₃N₃, 1,4-bis[(5-perfluoro-n-heptyl)-1, 2,4-oxadiazolyl]benzene, its perfluoroalky ether substituted analogue, and 3,5-bis(perfluoro-n-heptyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole were synthesized and characterized. Each of these compounds was subjected to thermal and oxidative degradation at 235 and 325°C and to hydrolytic degradation at 235°C. Two benzene derivatives decomposed completely during heating in nitrogen or air at 325°C, tris(perfluoro-n-heptyl)-s-triazine was quantitatively hydrolyzed at 235°C. The perfluoroalkyl ether substituted triazine and 3,5-bis(perfluoro-n-heptyl)-1,2,4- oxadiazole were found to be stable under all conditions employed as evidenced by practically quantitative recovery of the test samples.