Study of acidified ignitable liquid residues in fire debris by solid‐phase microextraction with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry

The detection and identification of ignitable liquid residues in fire debris can be meaningful in fire investigations. However, background pyrolysis products and weathering hinder the identification and classification steps. In addition to those processes, the acidification of the ignitable liquids before the combustion process could make those tasks even more difficult. Nevertheless, there are no systematic studies assessing the extraction, analysis, and composition of acidified ignitable liquid residues obtained from fire debris. In this work, a method for the study of acidified ignitable liquid residues in fire debris by solid‐phase microextraction with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry is proposed. This methodology has been evaluated, first with simulated solutions (gasoline/sulfuric acid mixtures set on fire under controlled conditions), and then with analysis of samples from real fire debris obtained from 18 chemical ignition Molotov cocktails made with sulfuric acid and three different ignitable liquids (two types of gasoline and diesel fuel). In addition, the extensive modifications observed in chromatograms of acidified ignitable liquid residues regarding neat and weathered samples were studied. These alterations were produced by the combustion and acidification processes. As a consequence, tert‐butylated compounds are proposed as diagnostic indicators for the identification of acidified gasoline in fire debris, even in strongly weathered samples.     

Quantitation of sunitinib,an oral multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor,and its metabolite in urine samples by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis time of flight mass spectrometry

A rapid, sensitive, and specific method was developed and validated using a nonaqueous‐capillary electrophoresis method with TOF‐MS for determination of sunitinib and N‐desethyl sunitinib in human urine. In order to avoid ionic suppression a urine samples dilution with methanol 1:10 previous step was used. This was the only treatment step to urine samples before the injection. Despite this dilution of the urine, the detection limit was as low as 0.07 mg/L for sunitinib and 0.15 mg/L for N‐desethyl sunitinib. Separation of compounds was achieved with a mixture of 5 mM ammonium formate in methanol. The calibration curves were linear over the range of 0.5–50.0 mg/L for the two analyzed compounds. The within‐run and between‐run precisions were within 5%, while the accuracy ranged from 96.0 to 100.4%. This method can be used in routine clinical practice to monitor sunitinib and N‐desethyl sunitinib drugs in the urine of cancer patients treated with once daily administration.     

Direct On‐Surface Patterning of a Crystalline Laminar Covalent Organic Framework Synthesized at Room Temperature

We report herein an efficient, fast, and simple synthesis of an imine‐based covalent organic framework (COF) at room temperature (hereafter, RT‐COF‐1 ). RT‐COF‐1 shows a layered hexagonal structure exhibiting channels, is robust, and is porous to N₂ and CO₂. The room‐temperature synthesis has enabled us to fabricate and position low‐cost micro‐ and submicropatterns of RT‐COF‐1 on several surfaces, including solid SiO₂ substrates and flexible acetate paper, by using lithographically controlled wetting and conventional ink‐jet printing.