Erratum

The hydrido-thiocarbonyl osmium(II) complexes OsH₂(CS)(PPh₃)₃, OsHCl(CS)(PPh₃)₃, OsH(OClO₃)(CS)(PPh₃)₃, OsHCl(CS)(CNR)(PPh₃)₂ and [OsH(CS)(CO)(PPh₃)₃]⁺, (R = p-tolyl), have been derived from OsCl₂(CS)(PPh₃)₃ and [OsH(CS)(CO)(PPh₃)₃]⁺, the latter can be deprotonated to give the zerolavent complex, Os(CS)(CO)(PPh₃)₃.     

Thiol–enes: Chemistry of the past with promise for the future

The photopolymerization of mixtures of multifunctional thiols and enes is an efficient method for the rapid production of films and thermoset plastics with unprecedented physical and mechanical properties. One of the major obstacles in traditional free‐radical photopolymerization is essentially eliminated in thiol–ene polymerizations because the polymerization occurs in air almost as rapidly as in an inert atmosphere. Virtually any type of ene will participate in a free‐radical polymerization process with a multifunctional thiol. Hence, it is possible to tailor materials with virtually any combination of properties required for a particular application. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 5301–5338, 2004     

Soft X-ray resonant magnetic diffraction

We have conducted the first soft x-ray diffraction experiments from a bulk single crystal, studying the bilayer manganite La2-2xSr1+2xMn2O7 with x=0.475 in which we were able to access the (002) Bragg reflection using soft x rays. The Bragg reflection displays a strong resonant enhancement at the L(III) and L(II) manganese absorption edges. We demonstrate that the resonant enhancement of the magnetic diffraction of the (001) is extremely large, indeed so large that it exceeds that of the nonresonant Bragg diffraction. Resonant soft x-ray scattering of 3d transition metal oxides is the only technique for the atomic selective measurement of spin, charge, and orbital correlations in materials, such as high temperature superconductors, colossal magnetoresistance manganites, and charge stripe nickelates.     

Nuclear orbiting and anomalies in nuclear reactions

In this paper, we report our measurements of back-angle oxygen and carbon particle yields from ¹⁶O+⁸⁹Y, ¹²C+⁹³Nb reactions forming the same compound nucleus ¹⁰⁵Ag at the same excitation energy and spin distribution. We find anomalously large oxygen yield and entrance channel dependence at high excitation energies from ¹⁶O+⁸⁹Y reaction implying formation of a dinuclear orbiting complex. Possible connection between nuclear orbiting and fast fission is also discussed.     

Decision support approach based on multiple objectives and resources for assessing the relocation plan of dangerous hillside aggregations

The overdevelopment of hillside areas, coupled with the effects of global climate change, has increased the likelihood of disasters with severe consequences, such as material damages and loss of lives. Thus, there is a great urgency to create relocation plans for dangerous hillside aggregations that are not suitable for human settlement. The government of Taipei City in Taiwan has not properly addressed the assessment needs for decisions involving priority and budget allocation for these relocation projects. This study proposes a hybrid approach combining the Delphi method, fuzzy-logic inference system (FLIS), and the multi-objective programming (MOP) method to assist the city government in dealing with complex aggregation relocation decision problems. Twenty-four projects are tested by the proposed approach. Compared to the original relocation plan, results from this study reveal that the proposed approach is more objective and effective in relocation prioritization, project selection, budget utilization, and resource planning. These results will provide the city government with useful information for improving the relocation plan, thereby reducing the potential for human and material losses due to inadequate decision-making.     

Micro chemical investigation of medicinal plants. I

Summary Screening of over 50 medicinal plants has been carried out withM. tuberculosis 607 as the test organism, and thein vitro antitubercular activity of two Chinese traditional drugs-Prunus mume andSchizandra chinensis-has been established. Using bioassay to follow microchemical separation and purification processes, which include solvent extraction, chromatography and ion-exchange, the antitubercular activity has been traced to the fruity part of the berries and related to the presence of citric and malic acids.A simple method is described for the microdetermination of nonvolatile organic acids in plant extracts. It involves paper chromatography of the unknown solution together with solutions of known acids on the same sheet. The paper is then sprayed on both sides with methyl red. The chromatograms are cut out and affixed to a glass slide. The latter is placed in a specially constructed metal block fitted into the Beckman-DU spectrophotometer. The maximum optical densities of the respective red spots are measured at 580 nm. There is a linear relationship between concentration and optical density of each acid. High contents of citric acid and malic acid respectively, have been found in both plant drugs mentioned above.

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Zusammenfassung Über 50 Pflanzendrogen wurden mitM. tuberculosis 607 als Testsubstrat geprüft und dabei in vitro die antituberkuläre Wirkung zweier chinesischer Drogen —Prunus mume undSchizandra chinensis — festgestellt. Durch biologische Kontrolle konnte mittels mikrochemischer Trennung und Reinigung (Lösungsmittelextraktion, Chromatographie und Ionenaustausch) die antituberkuläre Aktivität im Fruchtteil der Beeren lokalisiert und auf die Anwesenheit von Zitronensäure und Äpfelsäure zurückgeführt werden. Eine einfache Mikrobestimmung nichtflüchtiger organischer Säuren in Pflanzenextrakten wurde beschrieben. Sie beruht auf Papierchromatographie der zu prüfenden Lösung gleichzeitig mit Lösungen bekannter Säuren auf demselben Papier. Dieses wird dann mit Methylrot besprüht. Die Chromatogramme werden ausgeschnitten und auf eine Glasscheibe fixiert. Diese wird in einen speziellen, in ein Beckman-DU-Spektrophotometer eingepaßten Metallblock gelegt und die optische Dichte der einzelnen roten Flecken bei 580 nm gemessen. Für jede Säure besteht Linearität zwischen Konzentration und optischer Dichte. Hoher Gehalt an Zitronensäure und Äpfelsäure wurden bei beiden Drogen gefunden.