大学物理实验开放式教学的实现

提出了开展大学物理实验开放式教学的具体实现方法及步骤。     

紫外波段CH2I2分子的光解离动力学研究

利用离子速度成像方法,研究CH2I2分子在277—305nm范围内若干波长处的光解离动力学.通过同一束激光经(2+1)共振多光子电离(REMPI)过程探测光解碎片I(2P32)和I(2P12),得到了不同激发波长处的离子速度分布图像,从而获得CH2I2光解产物的能量分配和角分布.实验发现,碎片CH2I自由基有很高的内能激发,约占总可资用能的80%,该能量分配可以较好地用冲击模型来解释.实验还发现,产物I(2P32)和I(2P12)具有很不相同的平动能分布,结合所得到的碎片能量分配和角分布,我们对碎片I(2P32)和I(2P12)生成机理进行了分析,指出CH2I2分子电子激发态的绝热和非绝热解离决定了碎片的平动能分布. 关键词： CH2I2 离子速度成像 绝热和非绝热解离     

New figuring model based on surface slope profile for grazing‐incidence reflective optics

Surface slope profile is widely used in the metrology of grazing‐incidence reflective optics instead of surface height profile. Nevertheless, the theoretical and experimental model currently used in deterministic optical figuring processes is based on surface height, not on surface slope. This means that the raw slope profile data from metrology need to be converted to height profile to perform the current height‐based figuring processes. The inevitable measurement noise in the raw slope data will introduce significant cumulative error in the resultant height profiles. As a consequence, this conversion will degrade the determinism of the figuring processes, and will have an impact on the ultimate surface figuring results. To overcome this problem, an innovative figuring model is proposed, which directly uses the raw slope profile data instead of the usual height data as input for the deterministic process. In this paper, first the influence of the measurement noise on the resultant height profile is analyzed, and then a new model is presented; finally a demonstration experiment is carried out using a one‐dimensional ion beam figuring process to demonstrate the validity of our approach.     

光谱编码成像系统的数据压缩技术

利用时间拉伸显微成像系统观察并记录非重复动态随机现象,在其超高成像速度和高空间分辨率下必定会产生大量的数据。一种基于差分检测和游程编码的数据压缩方法,可以有效地解决时间拉伸成像系统的数据存储问题。差分检测可以消除连续相同的信号,只检测出相邻信号的差异,从而提高游程编码算法的有效性。实验中,采用扫描频率为77.76 MHz的时间拉伸显微成像对分辨率板、人红细胞和人乳腺癌细胞线性扫描成像。实验结果表明,数据压缩比可以达到8.47,对比分析发现经过差分检测方法可以获得更高的压缩比。另外,通过计算重建后的图像与原图的结构相似性(SSIM)值发现,经过数据压缩后高质量的图像可以被重建。     

Topological nodal line semimetals predicted from first-principles calculations

Topological semimetals are newly discovered states of quantum matter, which have extended the concept of topological states from insulators to metals and attracted great research interest in recent years. In general, there are three kinds of topological semimetals, namely Dirac semimetals, Weyl semimetals, and nodal line semimetals. Nodal line semimetals can be considered as precursor states for other topological states. For example, starting from such nodal line states, the nodal line structure might evolve into Weyl points, convert into Dirac points, or become a topological insulator by introducing the spin–orbit coupling (SOC) or mass term. In this review paper, we introduce theoretical materials that show the nodal line semimetal state, including the all-carbon Mackay–Terrones crystal (MTC), anti-perovskite Cu₃PdN, pressed black phosphorus, and the CaP₃ family of materials, and we present the design principles for obtaining such novel states of matter.     

Renal Clearable Luminescent WSe2 for Radioprotection of Nontargeted Tissues during Radiotherapy

High‐energy ionizing radiation is widely used in medical diagnosis and cancer radiation therapy. However, high‐energy radiation can also impose significant damages in healthy tissues during medical treatments via direct DNA damages and indirect damages from production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, it is urgent to develop highly effective radioprotectants with low toxicities that can meet the increasing needs for alleviating the adverse effects from cancer radiation therapy and nuclear emergency. In this work, strongly catalytic ultrasmall (sub‐5 nm) cysteine‐protected WSe₂ dots are employed to protect healthy tissues against radiation via diminishing radiation‐induced free radicals. The WSe₂ dots with high surface activities can recover radiation‐induced DNA damages and eliminate the excessive ROS generated from radiation. In vivo experiments confirm that the survival rate of mice treated with WSe₂ dots is significantly elevated with radiation damages postponed under exposure to high‐dose ionizing radiation. Furthermore, the free radicals in major organs and hematological system can be appreciably omitted, suggesting their unique role as free radical scavengers. These WSe₂ dots in ultrasmall size show rapid renal clearance of ≈74% injection dose via urine excretion in 24 h and do not cause any apparent toxicity in vivo for up to 30 d.     

Jacobi矩阵特征值反问题

研究如下一类Jacobi矩阵特征值反问题:问题IEP:给定两个互异实数λ,μ(λ<μ)和两个n维非零实向量x,y,求n阶Jacobi矩阵J,使得(λ,x),(μ,y)分别恰是J的第i,j(i≠j)个特征对。还分析了Jacobi矩阵的特征性质,给出了一个特征对恰是Jacobi矩阵J的第i个特征对的充分必要条件,由此导出了问题IEP有解的充分必要条件。     

S为1/2体系粉末或冷冻玻璃态电子自旋共振谱的模拟

本文较详细地介绍了模拟s为1/2体系粉末或冷冻玻璃态电子自旋共振谱的理论基础。给出了具体计算公式,利用这些公式完全可以在微机上进行计算机模拟电子自旋共振谱。