Electrocatalytically Active Fe‐(O‐C2)4 Single‐Atom Sites for Efficient Reduction of Nitrogen to Ammonia

Single‐atom catalysts have demonstrated their superiority over other types of catalysts for various reactions. However, the reported nitrogen reduction reaction single‐atom electrocatalysts for the nitrogen reduction reaction exclusively utilize metal–nitrogen or metal–carbon coordination configurations as catalytic active sites. Here, we report a Fe single‐atom electrocatalyst supported on low‐cost, nitrogen‐free lignocellulose‐derived carbon. The extended X‐ray absorption fine structure spectra confirm that Fe atoms are anchored to the support via the Fe‐(O‐C₂)₄ coordination configuration. Density functional theory calculations identify Fe‐(O‐C₂)₄ as the active site for the nitrogen reduction reaction. An electrode consisting of the electrocatalyst loaded on carbon cloth can afford a NH₃ yield rate and faradaic efficiency of 32.1 μg h^?1 mg_cat.^?1 (5350 μg h^?1 mg_Fe^?1) and 29.3 %, respectively. An exceptional NH₃ yield rate of 307.7 μg h^?1 mg_cat.^?1 (51 283 μg h^?1 mg_Fe^?1) with a near record faradaic efficiency of 51.0 % can be achieved with the electrocatalyst immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode.     

Enantiomeric Discrimination by Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering–Chiral Anisotropy of Chiral Nanostructured Gold Films

A surface‐enhanced Raman scattering‐chiral anisotropy (SERS‐ChA) effect is reported that combines chiral discrimination and surface Raman scattering enhancement on chiral nanostructured Au films (CNAFs) equipped in the normal Raman scattering Spectrometer. The CNAFs provided remarkably higher enhancement factors of Raman scattering (EFs) for particular enantiomers, and the SERS intensity was proportional to the enantiomeric excesses (ee) values. Except for molecules with mesomeric species, all of the tested enantiomers exhibited high SERS‐ChA asymmetry factors (g), ranging between 1.34 and 1.99 regardless of polarities, sizes, chromophores, concentrations and ee. The effect might be attributed to selective resonance coupling between the induced electric and magnetic dipoles associated with enantiomers and chiral plasmonic modes of CNAFs.     

Two new NiII and ZnII metal–organic frameworks of glutarate and 1,4‐bis[(2‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)methyl]benzene ligands: syntheses,structures and luminescence sensing properties

Two new metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), namely, three‐dimensional poly[diaquabis{μ₂‐1,4‐bis[(2‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)methyl]benzene}bis(μ₂‐glutarato)dinickel(II)] monohydrate], {[Ni₂(C₅H₆O₄)₂(C₁₆H₁₈N₄)₂(H₂O)₂]·H₂O}_n or {[Ni₂(Glu)₂(1,4‐mbix)₂(H₂O)₂]·H₂O}_n, ( I ), and two‐dimensional poly[[{μ₂‐1,4‐bis[(2‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)methyl]benzene}(μ₂‐glutarato)zinc(II)] tetrahydrate], {[Zn(C₅H₆O₄)(C₁₆H₁₈N₄)]·4H₂O}_n or {[Zn(Glu)(1,4‐mbix)]·4H₂O}_n ( II ), have been synthesized hydrothermally using glutarate (Glu^2?) mixed with 1,4‐bis[(2‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)methyl]benzene (1,4‐mbix), and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, IR and UV–Vis spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric and photoluminescence analyses. Ni^II MOF ( I ) shows a 4‐connected 3D framework with point symbol 6⁶, but is not a typical dia network. Zn^II MOF ( II ) displays a two‐dimensional 4⁴‐ sql network with one‐dimensional water chains penetrating the grids along the c direction. The solid‐state photoluminescence analysis of ( II ) was performed at room temperature and the MOF exhibits highly selective sensing toward Fe³⁺ and Cr₂O₇^2? ions in aqueous solution.     

Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Reaction of Sulfonyl Hydrazides with Alcohols: An Easy Access to Sulfinates

A Cu‐catalyzed aerobic oxidative reaction between sulfonyl hydrazides and alcohols has been developed. In this reaction, sulfonyl hydrazides act as the sulfinic acid precursors to react with alcohols, resulting in sulfinic esters with up to 72 % yield. This catalytic system tolerates a wide range of sulfonyl hydrazide substrates, and represents a new strategy for the transformation of readily available sulfonyl hydrazides.     

Simplified fabrication of high areal capacitance all-solid-state micro-supercapacitors based on graphene and MnO2 nanosheets

A universal simplified strategy was developed to fabricate all-solid-state planar micro-supercapacitors with high areal capacitance (~355 mF/cm²), based on interdigital patterned films of 2D pseudocapacitive MnO₂ nanosheets and electrochemically exfoliated graphene.     

两种量热模式下物质热分解的动力学补偿效应

热分析量热仪主要包括动态、等温、恒温及绝热四种操作模式。很多学者基于动态及等温模式的测试结果,采用Arrhenius速率常数进行动力学计算,进而发现了所谓的“动力学补偿效应”。为了解绝热模式下是否也存在动力学补偿效应,分别采用绝热加速量热法(ARC)及动态差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)、40%(质量分数,下同)DCP溶液、葡萄糖、45%葡萄糖溶液的热分解特性,在此基础上基于Arrhenius公式计算了对应的表观活化能E和指前因子A,并对计算结果进行了分析。结果表明:绝热模式下,不同质量的同种样品及其溶液的最佳动力学参数,或者同一组数据采用不同的反应级数获得的lnA和E之间均存在明显的线性关系。此外,尽管由动态DSC数据计算获得的E和lnA普遍小于绝热模式的结果,但两种模式下获得的lnA和E之间仍然存在动力学补偿效应。由此可以推断,具有相同或类似反应机理的反应,虽然实验模式不同,但其E和lnA之间存在明显的动力学补偿效应。     

黄麻基碳纤维/MnO/C锂离子电池负极材料的制备及其电化学性能

利用黄麻碳化后的纤维和吡咯单体作为还原剂,高锰酸钾作为氧化剂,通过原位氧化还原反应法合成了碳纤维/MnO/C一维复合物。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)结果显示,MnO/C纳米颗粒分布在碳纤维的外壁上,MnO被包裹在由聚吡咯碳化而来的碳中,MnO/C纳米颗粒大小为50~150 nm。将制备的产物作为锂离子电池负极材料进行充放电测试,结果表明当电流密度为100mA·g~(-1)时,循环50次后仍具有410 mAh·g~(-1)的比容量,同时也展现了良好的倍率性能。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蜂蜜中9种农药残留

建立了同时测定蜂蜜中9种苯并咪唑类和新烟碱类农药的全自动固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。蜂蜜样品用磷酸盐缓冲液（pH=7.8）溶解，超声提取，经亲水亲脂平衡（hydrophilic-lipophilic balance，HLB）固相萃取小柱净化，氮吹浓缩，定容，过滤膜后进行高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析，采用多反应监测（MRM）模式测定，以内标法定量。结果表明，在0.002~0.05 mg/L范围内9种农药呈现出较好的线性关系（相关系数r² ≥ 0.99），检出限和定量限分别为0.1~1.0 μg/kg和0.3~2.0 μg/kg。对阴性蜂蜜，在5.0、10.0、20.0 μg/kg 3个水平下分别进行加标回收试验，测出9种农药的平均回收率在78.2%~101.2%之间，相对标准偏差为1.3%~14.3%（n=6）。该方法可适用于大批量蜂蜜样品的快速准确测定。     

气相色谱-负化学源质谱法测定禽蛋及蛋制品中氟虫腈及其代谢物

建立了气相色谱-负化学源质谱联用技术(GC-NCI-MS)测定禽蛋及蛋制品中氟虫腈及其3种代谢物残留量的方法。样品经乙腈提取,分散固相萃取技术QuEChERS净化,采用基质校正曲线外标法定量。在0.005~0.10mg/L范围内氟虫腈及其3种代谢物均呈现良好的线性关系,所有目标物的定量限均在0.025~0.10μg/kg范围内,均能满足国内外的限量要求。在0.1、2.0、4.0、20.0μg/kg 4个添加水平下,氟虫腈及其3种代谢物的平均回收率均处于87.0%~99.3%,RSD均≤12.7%,说明该法有较高的准确度和较好的稳定性。综上所述,该法灵敏度、准确度较高,精密度较好,可用于禽蛋及蛋制品中氟虫腈及其代谢物残留量的测定。