Catalytic Preparation of Non-Symmetrical Ketones in the Gas Phase Over Iron Oxide

The catalytic conversion of esters and mixtures of alcohols and aldehydes in the gas phase over iron oxide has been studied. The method allows for effective synthesis of non-symmetrical ketones.     

Global Optimization: Fractal Approach and Non-redundant Parallelism

More and more optimization problems arising in practice can not be solved by traditional optimization techniques making strong suppositions about the problem (differentiability, convexity, etc.). This happens because very often in real-life problems both the objective function and constraints can be multiextremal, non-differentiable, partially defined, and hard to be evaluated. In this paper, a modern approach for solving such problems (called global optimization problems) is described. This approach combines the following innovative and powerful tools: fractal approach for reduction of the problem dimension, index scheme for treating constraints, non-redundant parallel computations for accelerating the search. Through the paper, rigorous theoretical results are illustrated by figures and numerical examples.     

The effects of finite range and channel coupling in the 32S(3He, 4He)31S reaction

Comparisons of exact finite-range (EFR) DWBA calculations and zero-range (ZR) calculations are presented for the cross sections and analysing powers of the ${}^{32}\text{S}\text{(}{}^3\text{He}\text{,}{}^4\text{He}\text{)}{}^{31}\text{S}$ reaction to the ground state ($\text{1}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}$), $\text{1.25}\text{MeV}\text{(}\text{3}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{)}\text{and}\text{2.23}\text{MeV}\text{(}\text{5}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{)}$ states. The data for the $\text{3}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{and}\text{5}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}$ states are quite well fitted and show the characteristic j-dependence of the analysing powers. Only small differences between the EFR and ZR calculations are seen. The analysing power data for the $\text{1}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{\pm }}$ state are poorly fitted by the EFR or ZR calculations but better agreement is obtained when the coupling to other levels is included in a coupled channel Born approximation (CCBA) calculation.     

A test theory of special relativity: II. First order tests

First-order tests of special relativity are based on a comparison of clocks synchronized with the help of slow clock transport with those synchronized by the Einstein procedure. This comparison enables the measurement of the one-way velocity of light and is equivalent to a measurement of the time dilatation factor. The accuracy of present measurements is of the order 10^–7, yielding an upper limit of 3 cm/sec for the ether drift.     

Sulfonation of aromatic and heterocyglic compounds with bis(trimethylsilyl) sulfate

Conclusions A new sulfonating agent, namely bis(trimethylsilyl) sulfate, was found, which easily sulfonates benzene derivatives that contain substituents of the first type, and also thiophene. Benzene and nitrobenzene do not react with bis (trimethylsilyl) sulfate.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 2340–2341, October, 1977.