全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3857篇 |
免费 | 87篇 |
国内免费 | 12篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 2898篇 |
晶体学 | 15篇 |
力学 | 65篇 |
数学 | 531篇 |
物理学 | 447篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 24篇 |
2022年 | 34篇 |
2021年 | 29篇 |
2020年 | 46篇 |
2019年 | 38篇 |
2018年 | 24篇 |
2017年 | 22篇 |
2016年 | 102篇 |
2015年 | 78篇 |
2014年 | 74篇 |
2013年 | 146篇 |
2012年 | 168篇 |
2011年 | 255篇 |
2010年 | 127篇 |
2009年 | 128篇 |
2008年 | 238篇 |
2007年 | 194篇 |
2006年 | 201篇 |
2005年 | 179篇 |
2004年 | 179篇 |
2003年 | 125篇 |
2002年 | 119篇 |
2001年 | 69篇 |
2000年 | 69篇 |
1999年 | 48篇 |
1998年 | 45篇 |
1997年 | 66篇 |
1996年 | 56篇 |
1995年 | 58篇 |
1994年 | 73篇 |
1993年 | 66篇 |
1992年 | 37篇 |
1991年 | 52篇 |
1990年 | 43篇 |
1989年 | 46篇 |
1988年 | 54篇 |
1987年 | 39篇 |
1986年 | 40篇 |
1985年 | 53篇 |
1984年 | 38篇 |
1983年 | 40篇 |
1982年 | 41篇 |
1981年 | 49篇 |
1980年 | 31篇 |
1979年 | 28篇 |
1978年 | 21篇 |
1977年 | 24篇 |
1976年 | 32篇 |
1975年 | 28篇 |
1973年 | 22篇 |
排序方式: 共有3956条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Anna Boisits Roland Königsgruber 《Central European Journal of Operations Research》2016,24(1):177-205
In this paper we analyze a model which addresses two stylized facts which have received little attention in disclosure theory. (a) Information that is acquired for internal decision-making can subsequently be disclosed to outside investors who can use it to update their assessment of the firm’s prospects. Thus, the decision to gather information in the first place does not only depend on the decision value of information. (b) Information disclosed by firms is only one element of the information environment upon which investors can draw. This setting creates an interaction between firms’ information gathering and disclosure decisions as well as alternative sources of information. We identify an equilibrium structure which we call a Countersignaling equilibrium in which only average firms acquire information whereas good and bad firms do not. We show that while several equilibria can coexist, a Countersignaling equilibrium is often the economically most efficient one. 相似文献
72.
Letf(n) be the smallest integer such that every tournament of orderf(n) contains every oriented tree of ordern. Sumner has just conjectures thatf(n)=2n–2, and F. K. Chung has shown thatf(n)(1+o(1))nlog2
n. Here we show thatf(n)12n andf(n)(4+o(1))n. 相似文献
73.
Alkali‐free Cu(In,Ga)Se2(CIGS) absorbers grown on Mo‐coated alumina (Al2O3) substrates were doped with potassium (K) after CIGS growth by a potassium fluoride (KF) post‐deposition treatment (PDT). The addition of K to the absorber leads to a strong increase in cell efficiency from 10.0% for the K‐free cell to 14.2% for the K‐doped cell, mainly driven by an increase in the open‐circuit voltage Voc and the fill factor FF, and to an increase in the net charge carrier density. Hence K doping by KF‐PDT is comparable to doping with Na.
74.
Abstract Molecular dynamics methods are used to model the impingement of low energy ions onto crystalline targets, and the effects of these beams on thin film deposition. Simulations of the deposition of silicon films show that the structure of deposits can often be improved by the use of low energy ion beams instead of the conventional thermal beam. We examine the influence of beam energy on the formation of amorphous or crystalline deposits. The influence of ion beams on surface diffusion rates and the interdiffusion between atomic layers near the surface are also considered. Cluster deposition is treated, and the results suggest that cluster beams would be effective for depositing smooth films of materials that do not wet the substrate. We discuss the use of special purpose computers and signal processing boards to extend the time scales of molecular dynamics simulations. Rapid advances in computer hardware, algorithms, and the development of accurate interatomic potentials are dramatically increasing the power of these simulations. 相似文献
75.
An experimental survey of a posteriori Courant finite element error control for the Poisson equation
Carstensen Carsten Bartels Sren Klose Roland 《Advances in Computational Mathematics》2001,15(1-4):79-106
This comparison of some a posteriori error estimators aims at empirical evidence for a ranking of their performance for a Poisson model problem with conforming lowest order finite element discretizations. Modified residual-based error estimates compete with averaging techniques and two estimators based on local problem solving. Multiplicative constants are involved to achieve guaranteed upper and lower energy error bounds up to higher order terms. The optimal strategy combines various estimators. 相似文献
76.
77.
Roland Bauerschmidt David C. Brydges Gordon Slade 《Journal of statistical physics》2014,157(4-5):692-742
We consider the \(n\) -component \(|\varphi |^4\) spin model on \({\mathbb {Z}}^4\) , for all \(n \ge 1\) , with small coupling constant. We prove that the susceptibility has a logarithmic correction to mean field scaling, with exponent \(\frac{n+2}{n+8}\) for the logarithm. We also analyse the asymptotic behaviour of the pressure as the critical point is approached, and prove that the specific heat has fractional logarithmic scaling for \(n =1,2,3\) ; double logarithmic scaling for \(n=4\) ; and is bounded when \(n>4\) . In addition, for the model defined on the \(4\) -dimensional discrete torus, we prove that the scaling limit as the critical point is approached is a multiple of a Gaussian free field on the continuum torus, whereas, in the subcritical regime, the scaling limit is Gaussian white noise with intensity given by the susceptibility. The proofs are based on a rigorous renormalisation group method in the spirit of Wilson, developed in a companion series of papers to study the 4-dimensional weakly self-avoiding walk, and adapted here to the \(|\varphi |^4\) model. 相似文献
78.
Michael Zech Matthias Saurer Mario Tuthorn Katja Rinne Roland A. Werner Rolf Siegwolf 《Isotopes in environmental and health studies》2013,49(4):492-502
Although the instrumental coupling of gas chromatography-pyrolysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-Py-IRMS) for compound-specific δ18O analysis has been commercially available for more than a decade, this method has been hardly applied so far. Here we present the first GC-Py-IRMS δ18O results for trimethylsilyl-derivatives of plant sap-relevant sugars and a polyalcohol (glucose, fructose, sucrose, raffinose and pinitol). Particularly, we focus on sucrose, which is assimilated in leaves and which is the most important transport sugar in plants and hence of utmost relevance in plant physiology and paleoclimate studies. Replication measurements of sucrose standards and concentration series indicate that the GC-Py-IRMS δ18O measurements are not stable over time and that they are amount (area) dependent. We, therefore, suggest running sample batch replication measurements in alternation with standard concentration series of reference material. This allows for carrying out (i) a drift correction, (ii) a calibration against reference material and (iii) an amount (area) correction. Tests with 18O-enriched water do not provide any evidence for oxygen isotope exchange reactions affecting sucrose and raffinose. We present the first application of GC-Py-IRMS δ18O analysis for sucrose from needle extract (soluble carbohydrate) samples. The obtained δ18Osucrose/ Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW) values are more positive and vary in a wider range (32.1–40.1 ‰) than the δ18Obulk/ VSMOW values (24.6–27.2 ‰). Furthermore, they are shown to depend on the climate parameters maximum day temperature, relative air humidity and cloud cover. These findings suggest that δ18Osucrose of the investigated needles very sensitively reflects the climatically controlled evaporative 18O enrichment of leaf water and thus highlights the great potential of GC-Py-IRMS δ18Osucrose analysis for plant physiology and paleoclimate studies. 相似文献
79.
80.