Observation of two resonant structures in e+ e- -->pi+ pi- psi(2S) via initial-state radiation at Belle

The cross section for e+ e- --> pi+ pi- psi(2S) between threshold and sqrt[s]=5.5 GeV is measured using 673 fb(-1) of data on and off the Upsilon(4S) resonance collected with the Belle detector at KEKB. Two resonant structures are observed in the pi+ pi- psi(2S) invariant-mass distribution, one at 4361 +/- 9 +/- 9 MeV/c2 with a width of 74 +/- 15 +/- 10 MeV/c2, and another at 4664 +/- 11 +/- 5 MeV/c2 with a width of 48 +/- 15 +/- 3 MeV/c2, if the mass spectrum is parametrized with the coherent sum of two Breit-Wigner functions. These values do not match those of any of the known charmonium states.     

The Quantum-Classical Comparison of the Arrival-Time Distribution Through the Probability Current

We consider the arrival time distribution defined through the quantum probability current for a Gaussian wave packet representing free particles in quantum mechanics in order to explore the issue of the classical limit of arrival time. We formulate the classical analogue of the arrival time distribution for an ensemble of free particles represented by a phase space distribution function evolving under the classical Liouville's equation. The classical probability current so constructed matches with the quantum probability current in the limit of minimum uncertainty. Further, it is possible to show in general that smooth transitions from the quantum mechanical probability current and the mean arrival time to their respective classical values are obtained in the limit of large mass of the particles.     

On the general solution for a class of charged fluid spheres

We have derived all the charged fluid spheres described by a space-time with its hypersurfaces t = const. as spheroids subject to a particular form of electric field intensity. Only one out of the four solutions so obtained is reducible to its uncharged counterpart in the absence of the charge.     

Generation of Bianchi type V cosmological models with varying Λ-term

Bianchi type V perfect fluid cosmological models are investigated with cosmological term varying with time. Using a generation technique (Camci et al., 2001), it is shown that Einsteins field equations are solvable for any arbitrary cosmic scale function. Solutions for particular forms of cosmic scale functions are also obtained. The cosmological constant is found to be a decreasing function of time, which is supported by results from recent type Ia supernovae observations. Some physical aspects of the models are also discussed.     

Study of Autoxidation of Ascorbic Acid in Acetonitrile by Electronic Absorption Spectra

The autoxidation of vitamin C has been studied in acetonitrile by electronic spectroscopy. Some interesting data on the role of acetonitrile in autoxidation have been obtained, perhaps for the first time. A parallelism between hydroxyl ions and CH₂CN⁻, the ions from the self-ionization of acetonitrile, has been established. The CH₂CN⁻ anion is similar to hydroxyl anions in initiating and propagating the decomposition of ascorbic acid, at least in this system. The intermediates involved in the overall reaction in nonaqueous media have been identified by simple means.__________Published in Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 72, No. 2, pp. 274–276, March–April, 2005.     

Selective creation of maximum coherence in multi-level Λ system

We consider the creation of the maximum Raman coherence in the six-level Λ system using optimal control theory. Optimal fields are designed for different initial conditions, resonant, and off-resonant, using the Krotov method including a reference field into the cost functional. Suppression of the population transfer to the intermediate level is achieved via an additional functional constraint which depends on the system dynamics. We demonstrate that the spectrum of the optimised fields has major contribution from the corresponding resonant frequencies independently of the choice of carrier frequency of the initial guess field. We also indicate that the pulse train emerges as a solution of the control problem of coherence optimisation in multi-level quantum systems.     

Raman imaging and stress quantification in self‐assembled graphene oxide fiber ‘Latin Letters’

To probe the intrinsic stress distribution in terms of spatial Raman shift (ω) and change in the phonon linewidth (Γ), here we analyze self‐assembled graphene oxide fibers (GOF) ‘Latin letters’ by confocal Raman spectroscopy. The self‐assembly of GOF ‘Latin letters’ has been explained through surface tension, π–π stacking, van der Waals interaction at the air–water interface and by systematic time‐dependent investigation using field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. Intrinsic residual stress due to structural joints and bending is playing a distinct role affecting the E_2g mode (G band) at and away from the physical interface of GOF segments with broadening of phonon linewidth, indicating prominent phonon softening. Linescan across an interface of the GOF ‘letters’ reveals Raman shift to lower wavenumber in all cases but more so in ‘Z’ fiber exhibiting a broader region. Furthermore, intrinsic stress homogeneity is observed for ‘G’ fiber distributed throughout its curvature with negligible shift corresponding to E_2g mode vibration. This article demonstrates the significance of morphology in stress distribution across the self‐assembled and ‘smart‐integrable’ GOF ‘Latin letters’. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Spectroscopical splitting of Cu ion energy levels in magnesium lead fluoro silicate glasses

Homogeneous 40.0 MgO-(10-x) PbF₂-50.0 SiO₂: x CuO glasses were prepared using melt-quenching technique under controlled conditions. Spectroscopic studies (UV-vis absorption, ESR, FT-IR) are carried out for these glasses. One broad characteristic visible absorption band is observed around 700-850 nm in these glasses, the optical band gap decreases as the content of the CuO increases in the glass network up to 0.7 mol % then reversal trend is observed. ESR spectra of all these glasses show resonance peaks characteristic of Cu²⁺ ions and hyperfine splitting is resolved with increasing the CuO content in the glass network. From the observed ESR spectra, the spin-Hamiltonian parameters have been evaluated and indicate that Cu²⁺ ions have octahedral coordination with a strong tetragonal distortion in these glasses. By correlating ESR and optical absorption data, the molecular orbital coefficients have been evaluated. FT-IR spectra give important information about the nature of bonds in the glass matrix. The density of the glasses is also measured and is found to decrease with the increase CuO contents in the glass matrix. The physical parameters along with spectroscopic parameters are measured.     

Design of a RF window for 170 GHz, 1 MW gyrotron for ECRH application

This paper describes the design of a large sized diamond window for 1 MW, 170 GHz gyrotron. The diameter and the thickness of the diamond window are 80 mm and 1.482 mm, respectively, whose edge is directly cooled by water. The CST microwave studio has been used for the S-parameter, and finite element analysis code ANSYS has been used for the thermal and the structural simulation. The return loss (S₁₁) and insertion loss (S₂₁) of the 170 GHz gyrotron window have been found −39.80 dB and −0.011 dB, respectively. The thermal and structural analysis of RF window the 397 K temperature at disk center and maximum displacement 0.01 mm has been found in the window disk during the thermal analysis.     

Polarity switching and transient responses in single nanotube nanofluidic transistors

We report the integration of inorganic nanotubes into metal-oxide-solution field effect transistors (FETs) which exhibit rapid field effect modulation of ionic conductance. Surface functionalization, analogous to doping in semiconductors, can switch the nanofluidic transistors from p-type to ambipolar and n-type field effect transistors. Transient study reveals the kinetics of field effect modulation is controlled by ion-exchange step. Nanofluidic FETs have potential implications in subfemtoliter analytical technology and large-scale nanofluidic integration.