On the limiting profile arising from orthonormalizing shifts of exponentially decaying functions

It is shown that, under certain conditions, orthonormalizingthe positive integer shifts of an exponentially decaying functionon the half line by the Gram-Schmidt process leads to a limitingprofile given by orthonormalizing all their integer shifts onthe whole line. These results derive from properties of Choleskyfactorization of bi-infinite and semi-infinite matrices. Anexample is provided by the negative exponential function andconjectures are given, supported by numerical evidence, forthe Gaussian and Lorentz function.     

Determination of parathion in the presence of paraoxon and p-nitrophenol by flow-injection analysis with amperometric detection

The amperometric determination of parathion in the presence of its metabolites paraoxon and p-nitrophenol in a flow-injection system is reported. The method is based on the measurement of the oxidation signal yielded by p-nitrophenol on hydrolysis of parathion in the presence of Pd(II) or Hg(II). The oxidation of the metabolite was preferred to its reduction as it avoids the removal of oxygen, which poses major problems in flow-through configurations.     

Competition between evaporation and fission: Stochastic aspects

The new neutronrich isotope ²²⁸ Rn was produced by spallation reactions induced by 600 MeV protons in a ²³² Th target and identified by massseparation and decay spectroscopy. The Zassignment was confirmed via KX-rays and the genetic relationship to the wellknown daughter product ²²⁸ Fr. The halflife of ²²⁸ Rn is 65±2 s. Energies and relative intensities of prominent γ-rays are presented for the first time from the decay of both the new isotope ²²⁸ Rn and ²²⁷ Rn.     

Practical synthesis of aromatic ethers by SNAr of fluorobenzenes with alkoxides

Aromatic fluorines have been substituted by alkoxides in a variety of activated and unactivated aromatic systems.     

OPTIMUM GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION SCHEDULES FOR FOREST TREES

A control theory optimization of iteroparous life histories indicates that if growth and reproduction are nonlinear functions of energy allocations, graded allocations of energy to potential reproduction can be optimal.     

An inverse dispersed multiphase flow model for liquid production rate determination

The aim of this study is to develop a model for the determination of the superficial velocities in horizontal and slightly inclined oil–water pipe flow conditions by using pressure gradient and mixture density information. In this article an inverse model is suggested for a dispersion of oil in water and of water in oil. This approach permits to select dispersed flow conditions from a set of experimental data, and uses a new hybrid model for the effective viscosity. A set of 310 oil–water experimental data points collected on an experimental set-up of length L = 15 m and diameter D = 8.28 cm at various (slight) orientations is used to validate the inverse method. The comparison between model reconstructions and measured flow velocities show a reasonable agreement.     

Hybridization Gap and Dresselhaus Spin Splitting in EuIr4In2Ge4

EuIr₄In₂Ge₄ is a new intermetallic semiconductor that adopts a non‐centrosymmetric structure in the tetragonal ${I\bar 42m}$ space group with unit cell parameters a=6.9016(5) Å and c=8.7153(9) Å. The compound features an indirect optical band gap E_g=0.26(2) eV, and electronic‐structure calculations show that the energy gap originates primarily from hybridization of the Ir 5d orbitals, with small contributions from the Ge 4p and In 5p orbitals. The strong spin–orbit coupling arising from the Ir atoms, and the lack of inversion symmetry leads to significant spin splitting, which is described by the Dresselhaus term, at both the conduction‐ and valence‐band edges. The magnetic Eu²⁺ ions present in the structure, which do not play a role in gap formation, order antiferromagnetically at 2.5 K.     

Insights into the structure–photoreactivity relationships in well-defined perovskite ferroelectric KNbO3 nanowires

Structure–function correlations are a central theme in heterogeneous (photo)catalysis. In this study, the geometric and electronic structure of perovskite ferroelectric KNbO₃ nanowires with respective orthorhombic and monoclinic polymorphs have been systematically addressed. By virtue of aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, we directly visualize surface photocatalytic active sites, measure local atomic displacements at an accuracy of several picometers, and quantify ferroelectric polarization combined with first-principles calculations. The photoreactivity of the as-prepared KNbO₃ nanowires is assessed toward aqueous rhodamine B degradation under UV light. A synergy between the ferroelectric polarization and electronic structure in photoreactivity enhancement is uncovered, which accounts for the prominent reactivity order: orthorhombic > monoclinic. Additionally, by identifying new photocatalytic products, rhodamine B degradation pathways involving N-deethylation and conjugated structure cleavage are proposed. Our findings not only provide new insights into the structure–photoreactivity relationships in perovskite ferroelectric photocatalysts, but also have broad implications in perovskite-based water splitting and photovoltaics, among others.     

Designing Molecular Printboards: A Photolithographic Platform for Recodable Surfaces

A light induced strategy for the design of β‐cyclodextrin (CD) based supramolecular devices is introduced, presenting a novel tool to fabricate multifunctional biointerfaces. Precision photolithography of a modified β‐CD was established on a light sensitive tetrazole surface immobilized on a bioinspired polydopamine (PDA) anchor layer via various shadow masks, as well as via direct laser writing (DLW), in order to craft any desired printboard design. Interfacial molecular recognition provided by light generated cavitate domains was demonstrated via spatially resolved encoding, erasing, and recoding of distinct supramolecular guest patterns. Thus, the light directed shaping of receptor monolayers introduces a powerful path to control supramolecular assemblies on various surfaces.