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131.
132.
Diastereoselective hydrogenation of homochiral fumaramides 1 derived from (2R)-Oppolzer’s sultam was observed by analysis of the 1H NMR spectra of the succinamide mixtures with de’s of 77–88%. Reduction of these succinamides using LiAlH4 gave the corresponding (2S)-butane-1,4-diols and established that addition of hydrogen takes place selectively on the re-face of fumaramides 1. The stereoselectivity was confirmed by estimating the ee’s from the 19F NMR spectra of the Mosher’s diesters of the diols. This methodology was applied to the synthesis of selected pyrrolidine natural products in homochiral form. 相似文献
133.
The two-photon sequential absordtion of iodine to electronic states in the 5 eV energy region has been re-examined using both the 127I2 and 129I2 isotopic species. The vibrational and rotational constants for the E excited state have been determined and an RKR potential curve constructed. Further information on other excited states in this region has been obtained, and the isotope effect used to locate electronic origins. 相似文献
134.
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136.
Summary In this survey article we discuss the problem of determining the number of representations of an integer as sums of triangular numbers. This study yields several interesting results. Ifn 0 is a non-negative integer, then thenth triangular number isT
n
=n(n + 1)/2. Letk be a positive integer. We denote by
k
(n) the number of representations ofn as a sum ofk triangular numbers. Here we use the theory of modular forms to calculate
k
(n). The case wherek = 24 is particularly interesting. It turns out that, ifn 3 is odd, then the number of points on the 24 dimensional Leech lattice of norm 2n is 212(212 – 1)
24(n – 3). Furthermore the formula for
24(n) involves the Ramanujan(n)-function. As a consequence, we get elementary congruences for(n). In a similar vein, whenp is a prime, we demonstrate
24(p
k
– 3) as a Dirichlet convolution of
11(n) and(n). It is also of interest to know that this study produces formulas for the number of lattice points insidek-dimensional spheres. 相似文献
137.
Graton J Berthelot M Gal JF Laurence C Lebreton J Le Questel JY Maria PC Robins R 《The Journal of organic chemistry》2003,68(21):8208-8221
The thermodynamics of the hydrogen-bonding complexation of the acetylcholine agonists nicotine and nornicotine and of model pyridines, pyrrolidines, and N-methylpyrrolidines has been measured in CCl(4) by FTIR spectrometry toward a reference hydrogen-bond donor, 4-fluorophenol. Various methods are devised for measuring separately the hydrogen-bond acceptor strength of each nitrogen of nicotine and nornicotine: variation of the stoichiometry of complexation; correlations with electrostatic potentials on nitrogens and with substituent constants in the series of 3-substituted pyridines, 2-substituted pyrrolidines, and 2-substituted N-methylpyrrolidines; and linear free energy relationships between 4-fluorophenol and hydrogen fluoride hydrogen-bonded complexes. It is consistently found that nicotine and nornicotine have two active hydrogen-bond acceptor sites, the pyridine and pyrrolidine nitrogens, and that ca. 90% (for nicotine) and 80% (for nornicotine) of the 1:1 hydrogen-bonded complexes are formed to the pyridine nitrogen, although the pyrrolidine nitrogen is the first protonation site of nicotine and nornicotine in water. The low hydrogen-bond basicity of the pyrrolidine nitrogen in nicotine is mainly explained by the inductive electron-withdrawing and steric effects of the 2-(3-pyridyl) substituent. The partition of the Gibbs energy of the isomerism of complexation (AH...Nsp(2) <==> AH...Nsp(3)) into enthalpic and entropic contributions shows that the selectivity in favor of the pyridine nitrogen is driven by entropy. It is important to recognize the bifunctionality of nicotine in hydrogen bonding for understanding its lipophilicity and molecular recognition in non protonic media. When monoprotonated on their sp(3) nitrogen, nicotine and nornicotine keep, through their sp(2) nitrogen, a significant hydrogen-bond basicity which is greater than that of the ester group of acetylcholine. 相似文献
138.
Ganapathi R. Revankar Naeem B. Hanna Kandasamy Ramasamy Steven B. Larson Donald F. Smee Rick A. Finch Thomas L. Avery Roland K. Robins 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》1990,27(4):909-918
2′-Deoxyribofuranosyl and arabinofuranosyl nucleosides of certain purine-6-sulfenamides, sulfinamides and sulfonamides have been prepared by sequential amination and controlled oxidation of the corresponding 6-thiopurine nucleosides, and evaluated for antiviral and antitumor activities in mice. Amination of 2′-deoxy-6-thioinosine ( 4a ) and 9-β-D-arabinofuranosyl-6-thiopurine ( 4c ) with chloramine solution gave the corresponding 6-sulfenamides 5a and 5c , respectively, which on selective oxidation with 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (MCPBA) gave diastereomeric 9-(2-deoxy-β-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)purine-6-sulfinamide ( 6a ) and 9-β-D-arabinofuranosylpurine-6-sulfinamide ( 6c ), respectively. However, oxidation of 5a and 5c with excess of MCPBA gave the corresponding 6-sulfonamide derivatives 7a and 7c , respectively. Similar amination of 2′-deoxy-6-thioguanosine ( 4b ), ara-6-thioguanine ( 4d ) and α-2′-deoxy-6-thioguanosine ( 8 ) gave the respective 6-sulfenamide derivatives 5b, 5d and 9 . Controlled oxidation of 5b, 5d and 9 gave (R,S)-2-amino-9-(2-deoxy-β-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)purine-6-sulfinamide ( 6b ), (R,S)-2-amino-9-β-D-arabinofuranosylpurine-6-sulfinamide ( 6d ) and the α-anomer of ( 6b) (10 ), respectively. The diastereomeric mixture of (R,S )-10 was partially resolved and the structure of S -10 was assigned by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Oxidation of 5b, 5d and 9 with excess of MCPBA afforded the respective 6-sulfonamide derivatives 7b, 7d and 11 . Nucleosides 5c and 7c were significantly active against Friend leukemia virus in mice, whereas 6c was somewhat less active. Of the 20 nucleosides evaluated, 12 exhibited biologically significant anti-L1210 activity in mice. Nucleosides 6b and 7a at 173 mg/kg/day × 1 showed a T/C of 153, whereas 7d at 800 mg/kg/day × 1 showed a T/C of 153 against L1210 leukemia. The α-nucleoside 9 at 480 mg/kg/day × 1 gave a T/C of 172. A single treatment with 6b, 7a, 7d and 9 reduced the body burdens of viable L1210 cells by more than 99.2%. The antileukemic activity of these novel nucleosides tended to parallel solubility. 相似文献
139.
Furan-based secoprostacyclins (–) have been synthesised by two routes differing in the stage at wich the furan ring is generated. 相似文献
140.
Katsuhiko Nagahara Hiroko Kawano Shinji Sasaoka Chisa Ukawa Tamaki Hirama Atsushi Takada Howard B. Cottam Roland K. Robins 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》1994,31(1):239-243
A one-pot synthesis using 5-aminopyrazole derivatives 1 with ethoxymethylenemalononitrile (EMMN), ethyl ethoxymethylenecyanoacetate (EMCA) or diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate (DEMM) gave pyrazolo-[1,5-a]pyrimidine compounds 2,4,8 . Also, the one step reaction of EMCA with hydrazine hydrate afforded ethyl(4-ethoxycarbonyl-5-pyrazolyl)aminomethylenecyanoacetate 3c . On the other hand, the reaction of 1-substituted 5-aminopyrazole-4-carboxamide 9 with EMMN afforded pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine compounds 10 . 相似文献