Evaluation of bladder microvasculature with high-resolution photoacoustic imaging

We explored the potential of an emerging laser-based technology, photoacoustic imaging (PAI), for bladder cancer diagnosis through high-resolution imaging of microvasculature in the bladder tissues. Imaging results from ex vivo canine bladders demonstrated the excellent ability of PAI in mapping three-dimensional microvasculature in optically scattering bladder tissues. By comparing the results from human bladder specimens affected by cancer to those from the normal control, the feasibility of PAI to differentiate malignant from benign bladder tissues was also explored. The distinctive morphometric characteristics of tumor microvasculature can be seen in the images from cancer samples, suggesting that PAI may allow in vivo assessment of neoangiogenesis that is closely associated with bladder cancer generation and progression. By presenting subsurface morphological and physiological information in bladder tissues, PAI, when performed in a similar way as in conventional endoscopy, provides an opportunity for improved diagnosis, staging, and treatment guidance of bladder cancer.     

Exact Simulation Problems for Jump-Diffusions

Exact simulation of SDEs is a very important and challenging problem. In this paper we discuss exact simulation problems for jump-diffusion processes. Motivated by statistical applications, our main contribution is to propose an algorithm that performs exact simulation of a class of jump-diffusion bridges. We also present and discuss the existing methods for forward simulation and propose an extension of one of them to account for unbounded jump rate. Finally, the exact algorithms are compared to competing non-exact ones in some simulated examples.     

A new criterion for weak subintegrality 1

In a previous paper the authors, together with Balwant Singh, introduced an elementwisc char­acterization of weak subintegrality for an extension A?B of commutative rings. In the present paper we improve our methods for working with this characterization. This leads us to propose two new types of “elementary weakly subintegral extension”.     

Intercalation-induced changes in DNA supercoiling observed in real-time by atomic force microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been employed to observe in real-time and in an aqueous environment the process of ethidium bromide induced supercoiling in individual DNA plasmid molecules. Image data reveal both the onset and the progressive presence of plectonemic DNA supercoiling. In addition, significant molecular motion of the surface adsorbed DNA is observed. These data illustrate the potential of AFM in the time-resolved study of biomolecular processes, and hence, provide new insights into biomolecular structure and function.     

Doubly diastereoselective conjugate addition of enantiopure lithium amides to enantiopure N-enoyl oxazolidin-2-ones: a mechanistic probe

The doubly diastereoselective conjugate addition of the antipodes of lithium N-benzyl-N-(α-methylbenzyl)amide to a range of enantiopure N-enoyl oxazolidin-2-ones has been used as a mechanistic probe to determine that the reactive conformation is the anti-s-cis form. The β-amino carbonyl products resulting from these conjugate addition reactions are useful templates for further elaboration into an α,β,α-pseudotripeptide.     

X—射线荧光光谱法分析保护渣中元素

保护渣元素的定量分析一般采用传统的湿法化学分析 ,化学分析虽然准确度好 ,但难以做到快速且劳动量大。利用 X-射线荧光光谱法分析保护渣中各元素含量是一种快速、准确的分析方法 ,在国外已得到广泛应用。本文从现场分析的实际出发 ,选择融样条件、最佳仪器参数 ,用基准物质合成标准样品 ,绘制标准工作曲线 ,曲线线性良好 ,用化学分析法对荧光分析值进行验证 ,结果符合化学允许差。1　试验部分1 .1　仪器设备、试剂及工作条件MXF2 1 0 0 - X-射线荧光光谱仪TR- AUTO- BEAD- 1 0 0 0 S/W熔融炉混合熔剂 :4g四硼酸钠 +4g四硼酸锂 +0 .…     

Die Bestimmung von Cumarin und Melilots?ure

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