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11.
Paolo Bertozzini Roberto Conti Roberto Longo 《Communications in Mathematical Physics》1998,193(2):471-492
Let ? be a local conformal net of von Neumann algebras on S
1 and ρ a M?bius covariant representation of ?, possibly with infinite dimension. If ρ has finite index, ρ has automatically
positive energy. If ρ has infinite index, we show the spectrum of the energy always to contain the positive real line, but,
as seen by an example, it may contain negative values. We then consider nets with Haag duality on ℝ, or equivalently sectors
with non-solitonic extension to the dual net; we give a criterion for irreducible sectors to have positive energy, namely
this is the case iff there exists an unbounded M?bius covariant left inverse. As a consequence the class of sectors with positive
energy is stable under composition, conjugation and direct integral decomposition.
Received: 21 April 1997 / Accepted: 23 September 1997 相似文献
12.
Filippo Bracci Roberto Tauraso Fabio Vlacci 《Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications》2002,270(2):1131-473
Let f,g be two commuting holomorphic self-maps of the unit disc. If f and g agree at the common Wolff point up to a certain order of derivatives (no more than 3 if the Wolff point is on the unit circle), then f≡g. 相似文献
13.
A multiple image cryptosystem based on different apertures in an optical set-up under a holographic arrangement is proposed. The system is a security architecture that uses different pupil aperture mask in the encoding lens to encrypt different images. Based on this approach multiple encryption is achieved by changing the pupil aperture arrangement of the optical system among exposures. In addition to the classical speckle phase mask, the geometrical parameters characterizing the apertures are introduced to increase the system security. Even when an illegal user steals the speckle phase mask, the system cannot be broken into without the correct pupil geometrical parameters. The experimental set-up is based on a volume photorefractive BSO crystal as storing device. Information retrieval is done via a phase conjugation operation. We also have to stress that the multiple storage under this scheme, is only possible with the help of the aperture mask. Simulation and experimental results are further introduced to verify the proposed method. 相似文献
14.
15.
One of the most ignored, but urgent and vital challenges confronting society today is the vulnerability of urban areas to extreme events. Current organization of response systems, predominantly based on a command and control model, limits their effectiveness and efficiency. Particularly, in decision‐making processes where a large number of actors may be involved. In this article, a new distributed collaborative decision‐making model is proposed to overcome command and control limitations encountered in stressful, hostile, chaotic, and large‐scale settings. This model was derived by borrowing concepts from the collective decision making of honeybees foraging, a successful process in solving complex tasks within complex settings. The model introduced in this article was evaluated through differential equations, i.e., continuous analysis, and difference equations, i.e., discrete analysis. The most important result found is that the best available option in any large‐scale decision‐making problem can be configured as an attractor, in a distributed and timely manner. We suggest that the proposed model has the potential to facilitate decision‐making processes in large‐scale settings. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 11:28–38, 2005 相似文献
16.
Daniele Cauzzi Roberto Giordano Enrico Sappa Antonio Tiripicchio Marisa Tiripicchio Camellini 《Journal of Cluster Science》1993,4(3):279-296
The title complex (complex1) was the first alkyne-substituted triruthenium dihydrido cluster to be reported and was characterized by spectroscopy as a triangular cluster with the alkyne parallel to a Ru-Ru edge. Recently, we have found that1 is a key intermediate in the homogeneous hydrogenation of diphenylacetylene catalyzed by tetrahedral Ru4 and FeRu3 clusters. Since the discovery of1, a great number of complexes with alkynes parallel to a cluster edge have been reported; at present this is the more common bonding mode for alkynes on trinuclear clusters. The structural features of1 allow a comparison with those of other ruthenium-containing derivatives and help to draw suggestions of the role of1 in hydrogenation catalysis. 相似文献
17.
Alessandro Cecchi Giuditta Bartalucci Cinzia Chiappe Roberto Bianchini 《国际化学动力学杂志》2007,39(4):197-203
The kinetics of the electrophilic bromination of three allylic ethers in a nonprotic solvent, 1,2‐dichloroethane, has been investigated. Two of them followed a prevalent second‐order pathway, while the third one exhibited a classical, clean third order. The second‐order pathway in the first two olefins is attributed to electrophilic assistance of the ethereal oxygen to the attacking bromine molecule. In the molecular bromination of 2,4‐cis‐dimethyl‐8‐oxabicyclo[3.2.1]‐6‐octen‐3‐cis‐ol, opposite temperature dependences were found for the two different kinetic pathways. An exoergonic process for the second‐order reaction was explained by the lesser stability of the bromiranium–bromide ionic intermediate, compared to the bromiranium–tribromide in the third‐order profile. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 39: 197–203, 2007 相似文献
18.
Roberto E. Madariaga-Garcia 《Topology and its Applications》2007,154(7):1470-1480
Tkachenko showed in 1990 the existence of a countably compact group topology on the free Abelian group of size c using CH. Koszmider, Tomita and Watson showed in 2000 the existence of a countably compact group topology on the free Abelian group of size c2 using a forcing model in which CH holds.Wallace's question from 1955, asks whether every both-sided cancellative countably compact semigroup is a topological group. A counterexample to Wallace's question has been called a Wallace semigroup. In 1996, Robbie and Svetlichny constructed a Wallace semigroup under CH. In the same year, Tomita constructed a Wallace semigroup from MAcountable.In this note, we show that the examples of Tkachenko, Robbie and Svetlichny, and Koszmider, Tomita and Watson can be obtained using a family of selective ultrafilters. As a corollary, the constructions presented here are compatible with the total failure of Martin's Axiom. 相似文献
19.
Onofrio Mario Di Vincenzo Plamen Koshlukov Roberto La Scala 《Advances in Applied Mathematics》2006,37(4):541
In this paper we describe completely the involutions of the first kind of the algebra UTn(F) of n×n upper triangular matrices. Every such involution can be extended uniquely to an involution on the full matrix algebra. We describe the equivalence classes of involutions on the upper triangular matrices. There are two distinct classes for UTn(F) when n is even and a single class in the odd case.Furthermore we consider the algebra UT2(F) of the 2×2 upper triangular matrices over an infinite field F of characteristic different from 2. For every involution *, we describe the *-polynomial identities for this algebra. We exhibit bases of the corresponding ideals of identities with involution, and compute the Hilbert (or Poincaré) series and the codimension sequences of the respective relatively free algebras.Then we consider the *-polynomial identities for the algebra UT3(F) over a field of characteristic zero. We describe a finite generating set of the ideal of *-identities for this algebra. These generators are quite a few, and their degrees are relatively large. It seems to us that the problem of describing the *-identities for the algebra UTn(F) of the n×n upper triangular matrices may be much more complicated than in the case of ordinary polynomial identities. 相似文献
20.
We study the spectral properties of a large class of compact flat Riemannian manifolds of dimension 4, namely, those whose
corresponding Bieberbach groups have the canonical lattice as translation lattice. By using the explicit expression of the
heat trace of the Laplacian acting on p-forms, we determine all p-isospectral and L-isospectral pairs and we show that in this class of manifolds, isospectrality on functions and isospectrality on p-forms for all values of p are equivalent to each other. The list shows for any p, 1 ≤ p ≤ 3, many p-isospectral pairs that are not isospectral on functions and have different lengths of closed geodesics. We also determine
all length isospectral pairs (i.e. with the same length multiplicities), showing that there are two weak length isospectral
pairs that are not length isospectral, and many pairs, p-isospectral for all p and not length isospectral.
Mathematics Subject Classifications (2000): 58J53, 58C22, 20H15. 相似文献