Syntactic characterization of closure under connected limits

Summary We give a syntactic characterization of (finitary) theories whose categories of models are closed under the formation of connected limits (respectively the formation of pullbacks and substructures) in the category of all structures. They are also those theories whose consistent extensions by new atomic facts admit in each component an initial structure (respectively an initial term structure), and also thoseT for whichM(T) is locally finitely multi-presentable in a canonical way. We also show that these two properties of theories are nonuniform.     

Une formule de Landau–Zener pour un croisement non dégénéré et involutif de codimension 3Landau–Zener formula for non-degenerate involutive codimension 3 crossings

In this Note, we study a 2×2 system of evolution equations with some codimension 3 crossing. We derive two conditions of non-degeneracy. We focus on one of them and reduce our system to some Landau–Zener's type system. Using this reduction, we describe the energy transfer at the crossing by Landau–Zener formula for 2-scales semi-classical measures. To cite this article: C. Fermanian Kammerer, P. Gérard, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 335 (2002) 915–920.     

Harmonic mappings of the Sierpinski gasket to the circle

Harmonic mappings from the Sierpinski gasket to the circle are described explicitly in terms of boundary values and topological data. In particular, all such mappings minimize energy within a given homotopy class. Explicit formulas are also given for the energy of the mapping and its normal derivatives at boundary points.

     

The Implications of Cognitive-style Findings for Operational Research

Cognitive style refers to differences that can be perceived in individuals due to differing cognitive structures. There has been a large amount of research on how cognitive style affects managerial decision-making, particularly in the context of management information systems, but little or no attempt to relate these findings to operational research. This paper reviews the findings of cognitive-style research from the perspective of operational research, and draws a number of useful inferences concerning the matching of OR aids to managers, the presentation of information and recommendations, the use and acceptance of OR, and the structure of OR groups. Further, it is argued that cognitive-style findings help to give a justification to the move towards ‘soft’ approaches to analysis.     

Studies aimed at the synthesis of morphine V an economic approach to (±)-reticuline from 3,4-dihydropapaverine

Regioselective demethylation of 3,4-dihydropapaveraldine ($\text{2}$a) at 7 and 3' positions affords a properly substituted diphenolic key intermidiate ($\text{2}$d) for the synthesis of reticuline and N-norreticuline.     

Theory of interfacial phase transitions in surfactant systems

The spin-1 Ising model, which is equivalent to the three-component lattice gas model, is used to study wetting transitions in three-component surfactant systems consisting of an oil, water, and a nonionic surfactant. Phase equilibria, interfacial profiles, and interfacial tensions for three-phase equilibrium are determined in mean field approximation, for a wide range of temperature and interaction parameters. Surfactant interaction parameters are found to strongly influence interfacial tensions, reducing them in some cases to ultralow values. Interfacial tensions are used to determine whether the middle phase, rich in surfactant, wets or does not wet the interface between the oil-rich and water-rich phases. By varying temperature and interaction parameters, a wetting transition is located and found to be of the first order. Comparison is made with recent experimental results on wetting transitions in ternary surfactant systems.This paper is dedicated to J. K. Percus in honor of his 65th birthday.     

The Henderson Approximation and the Mass Action Law of Guldberg and Waage

Using contemporary accounts, we describe the scope of the Henderson approximation, and its relationship to the mass action law of Guldberg & Waage. The Henderson approximation, apparently written in logarithmic form by Hasselbalch, has the same form as the mass action law, but has a completely different meaning and a much more restricted range of applicability. The Guldberg-Waage law is the fundamental mass action relationship valid for all chemical equilibria, whereas the Henderson approximation is useful only within a limited range of a sufficiently concentrated two-component buffer mixture.