Synthesis of Surface-Modified Nanoparticles via Cycloaddition-Reactions

Summary. The surface modification of nanoparticles via azide/alkine-1,3-dipolar cycloaddition-reactions is described. Ligand exchange onto various nanoparticles was monitored by ¹H NMR spectroscopy and formed the basis for the attachment of ligands onto the nanoparticles and their subsequent modification by dipolar cycloaddition reactions. Nanoparticle-surfaces were monitored by binding onto self-assembled monolayers derivatized with matching supramolecular interactions after derivatization.     

Innately transitive subgroups of wreath products in product action

A permutation group is innately transitive if it has a transitive minimal normal subgroup, which is referred to as a plinth. We study the class of finite, innately transitive permutation groups that can be embedded into wreath products in product action. This investigation is carried out by observing that such a wreath product preserves a natural Cartesian decomposition of the underlying set. Previously we classified the possible embeddings in the case where the plinth is simple. Here we extend that classification and identify several different types of Cartesian decompositions that can be preserved by an innately transitive group with a non-abelian plinth. These different types of decompositions lead to different types of embeddings of the acting group into wreath products in product action. We also obtain a full characterisation of embeddings of innately transitive groups with diagonal type into such wreath products.

     

The influence of the oxygen exposure on the thermal faceting of W[1 1 1] tip

The oxygen induced faceting of the macroscopic W[1 1 1] tip has been studied for oxygen exposures in the range 0.5-31 L and annealing temperatures 800-1800 K using the field ion microscopy (FIM) technique. After annealing at temperatures lower than 800 K, higher than 1850 K or for exposures lower than 0.5 L faceting was not observed. For exposures 0.5-1.9 L and annealing temperatures 800-1600 K well developed {1 1 2} facets with sharp edges formed. For exposures higher than 2.0 L edges of the {1 1 2} facets were broadening and disappearing, what has been attributed to the formation of three-dimensional tungsten oxides. The oxides could be easily removed by annealing the tip at 1700 K, what leads to formation of sharp facet edges. On the basis of these results a modified procedure of the ultrasharp tip fabrication has been proposed.     

Lattice theory,quadratic spaces,and quantum proposition systems

A quadratic space is a generalization of a Hilbert space. The geometry of certain kinds of subspaces (closed, splitting, etc.) is approached from the purely lattice theoretic point of view. In particular, theorems of Mackey and Kaplansky are given purely lattice theoretic proofs. Under certain conditions, the lattice of closed elements is a quantum proposition system (i.e., a complete orthomodular atomistic lattice with the covering property).     

On the slowness of phase boundary motion in one space dimension

We study the limiting behavior of the solution of with a Neumann boundary condition or an appropriate Dirichlet condition. The analysis is based on “energy methods”. We assume that the initial data has a “transition layer structure”, i.e., u^? ≈ ±+M 1 except near finitely many transition points. We show that, in the limit as ? → 0, the solution maintains its transition layer structure, and the transition points move slower than any power of ?.     

On false branch points of incompressible branched immersions

We prove that a branched immersion of a surface with boundary into a differentiable manifold has no false branch points (in fact, no ramified points) if the immersion induces an isomorphism of fundamental groups and some other natural hypotheses are satisfied. This result has immediate applications to Plateau's problem.Work done while the first author was a visiting member of the Max-Planck-Institut für Mathematik at Bonn. Both authors acknowledge the support of Max-Planck-Institut für Mathematik, Bonn and Schwerpunkt Geometrie at Mathematisches Institut, University of Heidelberg     

Controllability of linear systems,differential geometry curves in grassmannians and generalized grassmannians,and riccati equations

We study the linear system =Ax+Bu from a differential geometric point of view. It is well-known that controllability of the system is related to the one-parameter family of operators e^t B. We use this to give a proof of the classical controllability conditions in terms of the differential geometry of certain curves in ⁿ. We then view (t)=Im(e^t B) as a curve in appropriate Grassmannian and see that, in local coordinates, is an integral curve of the flow induced by a matrix Riccati equation. We obtain qualitative geometric conditions on that are equivalent to the controllability of the system. To get quantitiative results, we lift to a curve l' in a splitting space, a generalized Grassmannian, which has the advantage of being a reductive homogeneous space of the general linear group, GL(ⁿ). Explicit and simple expressions concerning the geometry of are computed in terms of the Lie algebra of GL(ⁿ), and these are related to the controllability of the system.James Wolper was a visiting professor in the Department of Mathematics at Texas Tech University while much of this research was conducted. He would like to express appreciation for the hospitality he received during his visit.     

Differential form methods in the theory of variational systems and Lagrangian field theories

This paper will attempt to unify diverse material from physics and engineering in terms of differential forms on manifolds. A variational system will be defined by means of a scalar-valued differential form on a manifold and an ideal in the Grassmann algebra of differential forms on that manifold to serve as constraints. Two types of extremal submanifolds will be defined. The first-called the Euler-Lagrange extremals-will be defined by a method that is the generalization of the classical methods in the calculus of variations. The second—a generalization of a method used by Cartan in his treatise Leçons sur les invariants intégraux-will define extremals as integral submanifolds of an exterior differential system invariently attached to the variational system. As examples, the variational systems attached to string theories in Riemannian manifolds and Yang-Mills fields will be discussed from this differential form point of view. Finally, as application, the differential geometric properties and definition of energy will be presented from the differential form point of view.This work was supported by a grant from the Applied Mathematics program of the National Science Foundation.