Determination of the size and composition of multicomponent ethanol/water droplets by cavity-enhanced Raman scattering

Cavity-enhanced Raman scattering is used to determine the size and composition of multicomponent ethanol/water droplets in the concentration range 7.5–19% ethanol by volume. Under the experimental conditions presented here, the integrated CERS signal from ethanol shows an exponential increase with increase in ethanol concentration when compared with the integrated intensity of the water band. The calibration is shown to be invariant with particle size over the droplet radius range 20–35 μm. In addition to providing a method for determining particle size and composition, initial studies show that the evaporation dynamics of these multicomponent droplets can be probed by CERS.     

Synthesis of polymerically bound catecholcarboxamide chelators for iron (III)

Tris(catecholcarboxamide) ligands were covalently linked to poly(vinyl amine—vinyl sulfonate sodium salt), and the iron binding capacity of the resultant polymers was found to exceed that of transferrin.     

Cation-cation interactions between uranyl cations in a polar open-framework uranyl periodate

Novel open-framework alkali metal uranyl periodates, having the formula A[(UO2)3(HIO6)(OH)(O)(H2O)].1.5H2O (A = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs), have been prepared through mild hydrothermal synthesis. These isostructural compounds contain distorted UO7 pentagonal bipyramids that are linked through a uranyl (UO22+) to uranyl cation-cation interaction. This interaction arises from a single axial uranyl oxygen coordinating at an equatorial site of an adjacent uranyl unit. These uranium oxide polyhedra are further bound by IO6 distorted octahedra creating an open-framework structure whose channels contain the alkali metal cations.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Lithium Tetrametaphosphimate Tetrahydrate Li4(PO2NH)4 · 4 H2O

Single crystals of Li₄(PO₂NH)₄ · 4 H₂O were obtained by dissolving LiOH and H₄(PO₂NH)₄ · 2 H₂O in water and subsequent precipitation with acetone and ethanol followed by slow evaporation of the solvents. The structure of Li₄(PO₂NH)₄ · 4 H₂O was solved by single‐crystal X‐ray methods ( (No. 2), a = 489.2(2), b = 853.2(2), c = 880.5(2) pm, α = 101.71(3), β = 102.39(3), γ = 94.88(3)°, Z = 1). The structure is composed of LiO₄ tetrahedra and (PO₂NH)₄^4? ions. The P₄N₄ rings of the anions exhibit a slightly distorted chair–1 conformation, which is supported by IR data and has been described by torsion angles, displacement asymmetry parameters and puckering parameters. Via Li⁺ ions and hydrogen bonds, the tetrametaphosphimate anions are connected forming a three‐dimensional network.     

Combinatorial diversity of fission yeast SCF ubiquitin ligases by homo- and heterooligomeric assemblies of the F-box proteins Pop1p and Pop2p

Background  

SCF ubiquitin ligases share the core subunits cullin 1, SKP1, and HRT1/RBX1/ROC1, which associate with different F-box proteins. F-box proteins bind substrates following their phosphorylation upon stimulation of various signaling pathways. Ubiquitin-mediated destruction of the fission yeast cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Rum1p depends on two heterooligomerizing F-box proteins, Pop1p and Pop2p. Both proteins interact with the cullin Pcu1p when overexpressed, but it is unknown whether this reflects their co-assembly into bona fide SCF complexes.     

Comprehensive thermodynamic characterization of the metal-hydrogen bond in a series of cobalt-hydride complexes

A detailed structural and thermodynamic study of a series of cobalt-hydride complexes is reported. This includes structural studies of [H(2)Co(dppe)(2)](+), HCo(dppe)(2), [HCo(dppe)(2)(CH(3)CN)](+), and [Co(dppe)(2)(CH(3)CN)](2+), where dppe = bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane. Equilibrium measurements are reported for one hydride- and two proton-transfer reactions. These measurements and the determinations of various electrochemical potentials were used to determine 11 of 12 possible homolytic and heterolytic solution Co-H bond dissociation free energies of [H(2)Co(dppe)(2)](+) and its monohydride derivatives. These values provide a useful framework for understanding observed and potential reactions of these complexes. These reactions include the disproportionation of [HCo(dppe)(2)](+) to form [Co(dppe)(2)](+) and [H(2)Co(dppe)(2)](+), the reaction of [Co(dppe)(2)](+) with H(2), the protonation and deprotonation reactions of the various hydride species, and the relative ability of the hydride complexes to act as hydride donors.     

Nature of the oxomolybdenum-thiolate pi-bond: implications for Mo-S bonding in sulfite oxidase and xanthine oxidase

The electronic structure of cis,trans-(L-N(2)S(2))MoO(X) (where L-N(2)S(2) = N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-bis(2-mercaptophenyl)ethylenediamine and X = Cl, SCH(2)C(6)H(5), SC(6)H(4)-OCH(3), or SC(6)H(4)CF(3)) has been probed by electronic absorption, magnetic circular dichroism, and resonance Raman spectroscopies to determine the nature of oxomolybdenum-thiolate bonding in complexes possessing three equatorial sulfur ligands. One of the phenyl mercaptide sulfur donors of the tetradentate L-N(2)S(2) chelating ligand, denoted S(180), coordinates to molybdenum in the equatorial plane such that the OMo-S(180)-C(phenyl) dihedral angle is approximately 180 degrees, resulting in a highly covalent pi-bonding interaction between an S(180) p orbital and the molybdenum d(xy) orbital. This highly covalent bonding scheme is the origin of an intense low-energy S --> Mo d(xy) bonding-to-antibonding LMCT transition (E(max) approximately 16000 cm(-)(1), epsilon approximately 4000 M(-)(1) cm(-)(1)). Spectroscopically calibrated bonding calculations performed at the DFT level of theory reveal that S(180) contributes approximately 22% to the HOMO, which is predominantly a pi antibonding molecular orbital between Mo d(xy) and the S(180) p orbital oriented in the same plane. The second sulfur donor of the L-N(2)S(2) ligand is essentially nonbonding with Mo d(xy) due to an OMo-S-C(phenyl) dihedral angle of approximately 90 degrees. Because the formal Mo d(xy) orbital is the electroactive or redox orbital, these Mo d(xy)-S 3p interactions are important with respect to defining key covalency contributions to the reduction potential in monooxomolybdenum thiolates, including the one- and two-electron reduced forms of sulfite oxidase. Interestingly, the highly covalent Mo-S(180) pi bonding interaction observed in these complexes is analogous to the well-known Cu-S(Cys) pi bond in type 1 blue copper proteins, which display electronic absorption and resonance Raman spectra that are remarkably similar to these monooxomolybdenum thiolate complexes. Finally, the presence of a covalent Mo-S pi interaction oriented orthogonal to the MOO bond is discussed with respect to electron-transfer regeneration in sulfite oxidase and Mo=S(sulfido) bonding in xanthine oxidase.