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21.
Henry Dring David Kreutzer Christoph Ritter Andreas Hilgeroth 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(1)
Despite the development of targeted therapies in cancer, the problem of multidrug resistance (MDR) is still unsolved. Most patients with metastatic cancer die from MDR. Transmembrane efflux pumps as the main cause of MDR have been addressed by developed inhibitors, but early inhibitors of the most prominent and longest known efflux pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp) were disappointing. Those inhibitors have been used without knowledge about the expression of P-gp by the treated tumor. Therefore the use of inhibitors of transmembrane efflux pumps in clinical settings is reconsidered as a promising strategy in the case of the respective efflux pump expression. We discovered novel symmetric inhibitors of the symmetric efflux pump MRP4 encoded by the ABCC4 gene. MRP4 is involved in many kinds of cancer with resistance to anticancer drugs. All compounds showed better activities than the best known MRP4 inhibitor MK571 in an MRP4-overexpressing cell line assay, and the activities could be related to the various substitution patterns of aromatic residues within the symmetric molecular framework. One of the best compounds was demonstrated to overcome the MRP4-mediated resistance in the cell line model to restore the anticancer drug sensitivity as a proof of concept. 相似文献
22.
Robert Ritter 《Archiv der Mathematik》1948,1(6):418-426
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
23.
W. G. Campbell J. C. Mc Gowan St. A. Bryant A. J. Bailey A. Orup R. I. Thieme H. Bergström K. G. Trobeck P. W. Moryganow J. I. Wlassjuk N. K. Koshewnikowa G. S. Ssurta G. Jayme H. Pfretzschner R. Steinmann M. G. van Beckum G. J. Ritter J. H. Barbour C. F. Cross und E. J. Bevan 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1940,119(1-2):67-71
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
24.
Dr. Timothy A. Barendt Dr. Melissa L. Ball Dr. Qizhi Xu Dr. Boyuan Zhang Dr. Brandon Fowler Ayden Schattman Virginia Cary Ritter Prof. Michael L. Steigerwald Prof. Colin Nuckolls 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,26(17):3744-3748
This work presents a synergy between organic electronics and supramolecular chemistry, in which a host–guest complex is designed to function as an efficacious electronic material. Specifically, the noncovalent recognition of a fullerene, phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester ( PC61BM ), by an alternating perylene diimide ( P )-bithiophene ( B ) conjugated macrocycle ( PBPB ) results in a greater than five-fold enhancement in electron mobility, relative to the macrocycle alone. Characterization and quantification of the binding of fullerenes by host PBPB is provided alongside evidence for intermolecular electronic communication within the host–guest complexes. 相似文献
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Simulations of three different 3-bed 3-step pressure swing adsorption (PSA) cycles were carried out to study the enrichment and recovery of 14CO from an isotopic mixture of 14CO, 13CO and 12CO using NaX zeolite. Each PSA cycle included feed pressurization/feed (FP/P), heavy reflux (HR) and countercurrent depressurization (CnD) steps; they differed only in the way the CnD step was carried out: PSA Cycle I was carried out under total reflux (i.e., with no 14CO heavy product production); PSA Cycle II was carried out with discontinuous 14CO heavy product production; and PSA Cycle III was carried out with continuous 14CO heavy product production. The effects of the CnD step valve coefficient (c v ), heavy reflux ratio (R R ), and cycle time (t cyc ) on the PSA process performance were determined in terms of the 14CO enrichment, 14CO recovery and CO feed throughput. The results showed that there was essentially no limit to the extent of the 14CO enrichment, despite the inherently low 14CO/12CO (1.05) and 14CO/13CO (1.12) separation factors for these isotopes on NaX zeolite. Under total reflux an optimum c v was found for the CnD step and 14CO enrichments as high as 152 were obtained. Using the optimum c v under finite reflux, a 14CO enrichment approaching 20 and a 14CO recovery approaching 100 % were easily achieved with discontinuous (PSA Cycle II) or continuous (PSA Cycle III) 14CO heavy product production. There was essentially no difference in the performance of PSA Cycles II and III, a counterintuitive result. The 14CO enrichment and the 14CO recovery both increased with decreasing CO feed throughputs and higher R R , which were always very close to unity. 相似文献
28.
Christopher?L.?DancyEmail author Frank?E.?Ritter Keith?A.?Berry Laura?C.?Klein 《Computational & Mathematical Organization Theory》2015,21(1):90-114
Adding a physiological representation to a cognitive architecture offers an attractive approach to modeling the effects of stress on cognition. We introduce ACT-R/Φ, an extended version of the ACT-R cognitive architecture that includes an integrative model of physiology. The extension allows the representation of how physiology and cognition interact. This substrate was used to represent potential effects of a startle response and task-based stress during a mental arithmetic (subtraction) task. We compare predictions from two models loaded into the new hybrid architecture to models previously developed within ACT-R. General behavior differed between models in that the ACT-R/Φ models had dynamic declarative memory noise over the course of the task based on varying epinephrine levels. They attempted more subtractions but were less accurate; this more closely matched human performance than the previous ACT-R models. Using ACT-R/Φ allows a more tractable integration of current physiological and cognitive perspectives on stress. ACT-R/Φ also permits further exploration of the interaction between cognition and physiology, and the emergent effects on behavior caused by the interaction among physiological subsystems. This extension is useful for anyone exploring how the human mind can occur in and be influenced by the physical universe. 相似文献
29.
Stephan Brox Axel P. Ritter Eberhard Küster Thorsten Reemtsma 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2014,406(20):4831-4840
An analytical method using high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was developed to determine internal concentrations of 34 test compounds such as pharmaceuticals and pesticides in zebrafish embryos (ZFE), among them, cimetidine, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, metoprolol, atropine and phenytoin. For qualification and quantification, multiple reaction monitoring mode was used. The linear range extends from 0.075 ng/mL for thiacloprid and metazachlor and 7.5 ng/mL for coniine and clofibrate to 250 ng/mL for many of the test compounds. Matrix effects were strongest for nicotine, but never exceeded ±20 % for any of the developmental stages of the ZFE. Method recoveries ranged from 90 to 110 % from an analysis of nine pooled ZFE. These findings together with the simple sample preparation mean this approach is suitable for the determination of internal concentrations from only nine individual ZFE in all life stages up to 96 h post-fertilization. Exemplarily, the time course of the internal concentrations of clofibric acid, metribuzin and benzocaine in ZFE was studied over 96 h, and three different patterns were distinguished, on the basis of the speed and extent of uptake and whether or not a steady state was reached. Decreasing internal concentrations may be due to metabolism in the ZFE. Figure
Quantification of polar pollutants in different life stages of the zebrafish embryo by LC-MS/MS 相似文献
30.
Dr. Giambattista Testolin Dr. Jana Richter Antje Ritter Dr. Hans Prochnow Prof. Dr. Jesko Köhnke Prof. Dr. Mark Brönstrup 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2022,28(54):e202201297
The rise of antibiotic resistance causes a serious health care problem, and its counterfeit demands novel, innovative concepts. The combination of photopharmacology, enabling a light-controlled reversible modulation of drug activity, with antibiotic drug design has led to first photoswitchable antibiotic compounds derived from established scaffolds. In this study, we converted cystobactamids, gyrase-inhibiting natural products with an oligoaryl scaffold and highly potent antibacterial activities, into photoswitchable agents by inserting azobenzene in the N-terminal part and/or an acylhydrazone moiety near the C-terminus, yielding twenty analogs that contain mono- as well as double-switches. Antibiotic and gyrase inhibition properties could be modulated 3.4-fold and 5-fold by light, respectively. Notably, the sensitivity of photoswitchable cystobactamids towards two known resistance factors, the peptidase AlbD and the scavenger protein AlbA, was light-dependent. While irradiation of an analog with an N-terminal azobenzene with 365 nm light led to less degradation by AlbD, the AlbA-mediated inactivation was induced. This provides a proof-of-principle that resistance towards photoswitchable antibiotics can be optically controlled. 相似文献