The phase composition of tin-nickel electrodeposited alloys

It was studied the tin phase composition of the electrodeposited alloys produced at different temperatures and current densities from an acid chloride/fluoride electrolyte and an acid chloride bath. Mössbauer spectra were consistent with a Ni₃Sn₄ intermetallic compound, dissolved tin, and a Cu?Sn intermetallic compound formed at the interface of the copper substrate.     

The quantum theory of an ideal superlattice responding to far-infrared laser radiation

Minibands of quasienergies can be defined for a superlattice interacting with far-infrared laser radiation. It is demonstrated that the width of these quasienergy minibands depends not only on the parameters of the superlattice, but also on strength and frequency of the driving laser field. In particular, the width approaches zero at certain values of these parameters. A strong coupling ansatz, combined with perturbation theory for degenerate quasienergy states, leads to a detailed understanding of these results.     

Direction of magnetization and domain wall mobility in (Dy,Y)Fe2

Magnetization measurements in the (Dy _x Y_1−x )Fe₂ intermetallic compounds show evidence of blocking of domain wall motion. This effect is a function of concentrationx. The direction of magnetization is also dependent on the Dy concentration. We have used the Mossbauer spectroscopy of⁵⁷Fe to verify the direction of magnetization in the series as a function ofx and temperature. The results show that this change in easy direction occurs at higher temperatures than those where the blocking is detected through DC magnetization measurements. supported by RHAE/SCT.     

Optical properties of F.I.R. metallic grids: Reflection phase shift measurements

Utilization of metallic grids stacks for F.I.R filters needs a good knowledge of optical properties of each grid. We study here an experimental method in order to determine the wave's change of phase by reflection on a wire grid. We use a Perot-Fabry interferometer constituted by these grids.     

Excitation of middle-IR range hollow metallic waveguides

The results of the efficiency of low-mode excitation of a parallel-plate hollow metallic waveguides (HMW) as a function of beam and waveguide parameters are represented. Coupling of two waveguides is also discussed.     

151Eu Mössbauer studies on Eu1+x Ba2−x Cu3O7+δ oxide systems

Mössbauer parameters of¹⁵¹Eu in Eu_1+x Ba_2?x Cu₃O_7+δ have been studied as a function of temperature, forx=0.15 andx=0.25. The areas of the absorption spectra for the two samples are almost equal. This could mean that thef-Mössbauer factor for¹⁵¹Eu at the barium sites is much smaller than that for¹⁵¹Eu at the rare earth sites, i.e. we only observe the spectra of the latter sites. According to this, the fits of the spectra with a single quadrupolar pattern and with two quadrupolar patterns have given equivalent χ² values.     

Differential determination of arsenic(III) and total arsenic using flow injection on-line separation and preconcentration for graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

Arsenic(III) can be quantitatively extracted using sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (NaDDTC) as the complexing agent and C18 reversed phase packing as the column material for solid phase extraction. Arsenic(V) must be reduced to its trivalent oxidation state prior to extraction. A mixture of sodium sulphite, hydrochloric acid, sodium thiosulphate and potassium iodide was found to be optimum for on-line reduction. When the sorbent extraction is carried out without and with the addition of the reduction mixture, arsenic(III) and total arsenic can be determined sequentially by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with detection limits (3 σ) of 0.32 ng for As(III) and 0.43 ng for total arsenic. A 7.6-fold enhancement in peak area compared to direct injection of 40 μl samples was obtained after 60 s preconcentration. Results obtained for sea water standard reference materials, using aqueous standards for calibration, agree well with certified values. A precision of 5.5% RSD was obtained for total arsenic in a sea water sample (1.65 As). Results obtained for synthetic mixtures of trivalent and pentavalent arsenic agreed well with expected values.     

Conversion of single-stranded oligonucleotides into cloned duplexes and its consecutive application to short artificial genes.

A general method to convert single-stranded, chemically synthesized oligonucleotides into cloned duplexes is described. Oligonucleotides supplied with 3'-terminal extensions that are complementary to 3'-protruding ends obtained by certain restriction enzymes can be cloned either directly or with the help of an adapter molecule into double-stranded vectors. Two methods have also been developed for consecutive cloning applications. According to these methods, the synthetic oligonucleotides (and their enzymatically prepared complementary strands) are joined, one after the other, inside a cloning vector, each joining requiring one cloning step. Synthetic genes are thus built up from oligonucleotides corresponding to only one strand of the DNA. The sequential assembly of the cloned duplex takes place in the 5' to 3' direction. Each oligonucleotide is supplied with a four-nucleotide-long 3'-terminal extension, but this sequence is eliminated when the joining takes place, leaving no limiting sequence between the oligonucleotides. The two consecutive cloning methods, the adapter and the polycloning site methods, are illustrated by the assembly of short artificial genes.