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21.
Numerical-Asymptotic Expansion Matching for Computing a Viscous Flow Around a Sharp Expansion Corner
A computational technique which is based on a numerical-asymptotic expansion matching for computing the local singular behavior
of a viscous flow around a sharp right-angle expansion corner is presented. Moffatt's (1964) asymptotic solution is extended
and a matching with a time-marching finite-difference scheme of the Navier--Stokes equations is formulated. Local mesh refinement
around the corner is required to meet the validity of the asymptotic solution. Flows in an expanding channel with expansion
ratio D/d=3 at various Reynolds numbers 1≤Re≤700 are simulated. The results are compared with those from a standard finite-difference scheme that uses second-order forward/backward
differences near the corner. It is found that the results of the standard scheme converge toward those of the present technique
as the level of local refinement near the corner is increased. The time-dependent parameters of the first two terms of the
asymptotic solution at the steady-state solution are also described for various cases of Re and D/d. It is demonstrated that the present method enhances the accuracy of the simulations and requires less refinements near the
corners to achieve converged numerical results.
Received 14 August 2000 and accepted 25 October 2001 相似文献
22.
Flow goods (like electricity) are sold through auctions in a dynamic framework. An important design question is the frequency of such auctions. We use a simple dynamic auction model in continuous time to answer this question. We focus on the relationship between the persistency of bidders’ valuations and the optimal choice of frequency. If the seller focuses on the equilibrium in which bidders follow a repeated static Nash strategy, then the frequency of auctions should typically increase when persistency declines. However, accounting for the fact that bidders can follow different equilibria that are collusive in nature, the comparative statics are reversed, forcing the seller to reduce the frequency when bidders’ valuations are less persistent. The argument builds on the fact that high frequency auctions are more conducive to collusion among bidders. 相似文献
23.
A new location problem is formulated and solved. It is the continuous version of the grey pattern problem which is a special case of the Quadratic Assignment Problem. The problem is a minimization of a convex function subject to non-convex constraints and has infinitely many optimal solutions. We propose several mathematical programming formulations that are suitable for a multi-start heuristic algorithm. In addition to solving these formulations by the Solver in Excel and Mathematica, a special Nelder–Mead algorithm is proposed. This special algorithm provided the best results. One suggested modification may improve the performance of the Nelder–Mead algorithm for other optimization problems as well. 相似文献
24.
Park JH Schwartz Z Olivares-Navarrete R Boyan BD Tannenbaum R 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2011,27(10):5976-5985
Micrometer- and submicrometer-scale surface roughness enhances osteoblast differentiation on titanium (Ti) substrates and increases bone-to-implant contact in vivo. However, the low surface wettability induced by surface roughness can retard initial interactions with the physiological environment. We examined chemical modifications of Ti surfaces [pretreated (PT), R(a) ≤ 0.3 μm; sand blasted/acid etched (SLA), R(a) ≥ 3.0 μm] in order to modify surface hydrophilicity. We designed coating layers of polyelectrolytes that did not alter the surface microstructure but increased surface ionic character, including chitosan (CHI), poly(L-glutamic acid) (PGA), and poly(L-lysine) (PLL). Ti disks were cleaned and sterilized. Surface chemical composition, roughness, wettability, and morphology of surfaces before and after polyelectrolyte coating were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact mode profilometry, contact angle measurement, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). High-resolution XPS spectra data validated the formation of polyelectrolyte layers on top of the Ti surface. The surface coverage of the polyelectrolyte adsorbed on Ti surfaces was evaluated with the pertinent SEM images and XPS peak intensity as a function of polyelectrolyte adsorption time on the Ti surface. PLL was coated in a uniform thin layer on the PT surface. CHI and PGA were coated evenly on PT, albeit in an incomplete monolayer. CHI, PGA, and PLL were coated on the SLA surface with complete coverage. The selected polyelectrolytes enhanced surface wettability without modifying surface roughness. These chemically modified surfaces on implant devices can contribute to the enhancement of osteoblast differentiation. 相似文献
25.
Zvi Retchkiman Knigsberg 《Nonlinear Analysis: Hybrid Systems》2008,2(4):1205-1216
In this paper, an algorithm for computing a generalized eigenmode of reducible regular matrices over the max-plus algebra is applied to the Metro-bus public transport system in Mexico city. A timed event Petri net model is constructed from the data table that characterizes the transport system. A max-plus recurrence equation, with a reducible and regular matrix, is associated with the transport system timed event Petri net. Next, given the reducible and regular matrix, the problem consists of giving an algorithm which will tell us how to compute its generalized eigenmode over the max plus algebra. The solution to the problem is achieved by studying some type of recurrence equations. In fact, by transforming the reducible regular matrix into its normal form, and considering a very specific recurrence equation, an explicit mathematical characterization is obtained, upon which the algorithm is constructed. The generalized eigenmode obtained sets a timetable for the transport system. 相似文献
26.
Drift in signals limits the performance of inductively-coupled plasma (i.c.p.) emission spectrometry. The generalized internal reference method was applied to deconvolute the drift of an i.c.p. system. The plasma parameters were correlated to the drift components and the error boundary for the method was found. In the system studied, it was found that fluctuations in the nebulizer uptake rate were responsible for short-term signal changes. Long-term signal drift was caused mainly by flow variations of both cooling gas and aerosol carrier gas. The incident power to the plasma was found to be stable compared to other sources of drift. The method was found to be adequate for evaluating the origins of i.c.p. drift. 相似文献
27.
In contrast to previous reports, the selectivities of four carbenium ions R+ towards N3? and H2O (log(KN3?/KH2O)) change more than the solvolytic reactivities (log Ksolv) of their rather reactive precursors RCl. 相似文献
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