Hemostatic efficacy and tissue reaction of oxidized regenerated cellulose hemostats

Oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC) has been used as an absorbable hemostat since World War II. In the present study, hemostasis time was determined in a spleen incision model in swine. The effect of mass on absorbable hemostat efficacy and hemostasis time was evaluated by standardizing the ORC materials on a mass basis. The median hemostasis time for a single layer of the new nonwoven ORC was as much as 51 % shorter than woven ORC (P < 0.001). The mean hemostasis time for nonwoven ORC was not affected by the mass of hemostat applied to the wound. The hemostatic efficacy of woven ORC increased with the mass (layers) of hemostat applied to the wound. Nonwoven ORC is significantly faster in achieving hemostasis than woven ORC, and its hemostatic efficacy is not influenced by the mass of material applied. Tissue reaction was minimal and the material was fully absorbed by 14 days.     

On string topology of classifying spaces

Let G be a compact Lie group. By work of Chataur and Menichi, the homology of the space of free loops in the classifying space of G is known to be the value on the circle in a homological conformal field theory. This means in particular that it admits operations parameterized by homology classes of classifying spaces of diffeomorphism groups of surfaces. Here we present a radical extension of this result, giving a new construction in which diffeomorphisms are replaced with homotopy equivalences, and surfaces with boundary are replaced with arbitrary spaces homotopy equivalent to finite graphs. The result is a novel kind of field theory which is related to both the diffeomorphism groups of surfaces and the automorphism groups of free groups with boundaries. Our work shows that the algebraic structures in string topology of classifying spaces can be brought into line with, and in fact far exceed, those available in string topology of manifolds. For simplicity, we restrict to the characteristic 2 case. The generalization to arbitrary characteristic will be addressed in a subsequent paper.     

Nourdin–Peccati analysis on Wiener and Wiener–Poisson space for general distributions

Given a reference random variable, we study the solution of its Stein equation and obtain universal bounds on its first and second derivatives. We then extend the analysis of Nourdin and Peccati by bounding the Fortet–Mourier and Wasserstein distances from more general random variables such as members of the Exponential and Pearson families. Using these results, we obtain non-central limit theorems, generalizing the ideas applied to their analysis of convergence to Normal random variables. We do these in both Wiener space and the more general Wiener–Poisson space. In the former space, we study conditions for convergence under several particular cases and characterize when two random variables have the same distribution. In the latter space we give sufficient conditions for a sequence of multiple (Wiener–Poisson) integrals to converge to a Normal random variable.     

On the Solvent‐free Structure of a Jäger‐type Cobalt(II) N2O2‐Chelate Complex

A combined synchrotron X‐ray and density functional theory (DFT) study on the structure of a Jäger‐type N₂O₂ chelate complex was carried out. The ethoxy‐substituted bis(3‐oxo‐enaminato)cobalt(II) complex ( 1 ) was an original sample from the laboratory of the late Professor Ernst‐G. Jäger (University of Jena, Germany). Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis revealed essentially flat molecules of 1 , which are unsolvated and coordinatively unsaturated. The DFT calculations on the isolated molecule predict a planar structure for the non‐hydrogen atoms, which is a local minimum on the energy surface. The crystal packing is achieved through off‐set stacking (staircase arrangement), resulting in a herringbone pattern in the space group P2₁2₁2₁. The structure of 1 is compared to known structures of related bis(3‐oxo‐enaminato)cobalt(II) complexes ( 2 – 4 ). Original bulk material of 1 was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), melting point determination, and infrared (IR) spectroscopy.     

Highly Enantioselective Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Carbonyl Carboacylations Initiated by C?C Bond Activation

The lactone motif is ubiquitous in natural products and pharmaceuticals. The Tishchenko disproportionation of two aldehydes, a carbonyl hydroacylation, is an efficient and atom‐economic access to lactones. However, these reaction types are limited to the transfer of a hydride to the accepting carbonyl group. The transfer of alkyl groups enabling the formation of C C bonds during the ester formation would be of significant interest. Reported herein is such asymmetric carbonyl carboacylation of aldehydes and ketones, thus affording complex bicyclic lactones in excellent enantioselectivities. The rhodium(I)‐catalyzed transformation is induced by an enantiotopic C C bond activation of a cyclobutanone and the formed rhodacyclic intermediate reacts with aldehyde or ketone groups to give highly functionalized lactones.     

One-pot enyne ring-closing metathesis–Diels–Alder reactions for the synthesis of polycyclic sulfamides

Ring-closing metathesis (RCM) and sequential Yb(OTf)₃ promoted Diels–Alder reactions of sulfamide-linked enynes proceeded selectively in one-pot to afford a series of bicyclic and tricyclic sulfamides. Excellent levels of diastereoselectivity are observed for the cycloaddition step, with only the endo-adducts being isolated. The protocol was further extended to incorporate a one-pot RCM–cross metathesis (CM)–Diels–Alder sequence, permitting rapid access to high levels of molecular complexity from simple and easily accessible precursors.     

Preparation and evaluation of monolithic poly(N-vinylcarbazole-co-1,4-divinylbenzene) capillary columns for the separation of small molecules

Short-term polymerization or the so-called low-conversion polymerization was applied for the preparation of N-vinylcarbazole (NVC) and 1,4-divinylbenzene (DVB) monolithic capillary columns. The synthesis was carried out by thermally initiated free radical copolymerization under the influence of inert micro- (toluene) and macroporogen (1-decanol) and α,α′-azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as radical initiator. The morphological and porous properties were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen adsorption, and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The copolymerization process was studied by monomer conversion measurements. This approach led to increased porosity and specific surface area. A specific surface area above 400 m²/g of the monolith and a distinct bimodal pore size distribution were obtained. The chromatographic performance was determined in terms of theoretical plate heights and number of theoretical plates. The lowest plate height value was found to be 3.9 μm (corresponding to ≈256,000 plates per meter) applying methylparaben utilizing an 80 mm?×?0.2 mm i.d. monolithic capillary. The developed NVC/DVB monolithic supports showed high separation efficiency towards small molecules, which was exemplified applying reversed-phase (RP) separation of alkylbenzenes, beta-blockers, flavanoids, parabens, and phenones. The loading capacity was analyzed for isocratic separation of seven alkylbenzenes and was found to be up to 77 ng total mass of alkylbenzenes. Furthermore, a long-term stability test of 1,000 consecutive runs was performed and resulted in a maximum variance of 0.97, 0.85, and 0.16 % RSD for resolution, peak width at half height, and retention times, respectively. The material was proven to have a high permeability of 1.11E?14 m², applying water as a mobile phase.     

Fatty acid desaturation index in human plasma: comparison of different analytical methodologies for the evaluation of diet effects

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) plays a role in the development of obesity and related conditions, such as insulin resistance, and potentially also in neurological and heart diseases. The activity of SCD1 can be monitored using the desaturation index (DI), the ratio of product (16:1n-7 and 18:1n-9) to precursor (16:0 and 18:0) fatty acids. Here, different analytical strategies were applied to identify the method which best supports SCD1 biology. A novel effective approach was the use of the SCD1-independent fatty acid (16:1n-10) as a negative control. The first approach was based on a simple extraction followed by neutral loss triglyceride fatty acid analysis. The second approach was based on the saponification of triglycerides followed by fatty acid analysis (specific for the position of the double bond within monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs)). In addition to the analytical LC-MS assays, different matrices (plasma total triglyceride fraction and the very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) fraction) were investigated to identify the best for studying changes in SCD1 activity. Samples from volunteers on a high-carbohydrate diet were analyzed. Both ultra HPLC (UHPLC)-MS-based assays showed acceptable accuracies (75–125 % of nominal) and precisions (<20 %) for the analysis of DI-specific fatty acids in VLDL and plasma. The most specific assay for the analysis of the liver SCD activity was then validated for specificity and selectivity, intra- and interday accuracy and precision, matrix effects, dilution effects, and analyte stability. After 3 days of high-carbohydrate diet, only the specific fatty acids in human plasma VLDL showed a significant increase in DI and associated SCD1 activity.