Simultaneous correlation of hydrophobic interactions in HIC and protein solubility in aqueous salt solutions and mixed solvents

The chromatographic retention in hydrophobic and reversed phase chromatography and the solubility of proteins display some common features. The chromatographic retention, as well as the solubility, is modulated by the thermodynamic properties of the solute in the fluid phase. The retention measurements at linear conditions provide information of the solution properties of the protein at infinite dilution, and the solubility measurements produce the supplementary information about the solution properties at the saturation limit. This provides a useful approach to simultaneous correlation of the chromatographic retention and the solubility.The experimental data, used for the correlation, comprise retention measurements of lysozyme on different HIC adsorbents using an aqueous ammonium sulphate eluant, an aqueous ammonium sulphate eluant with an admixture of ethanol, as well as published solubility data.The chromatographic retention data and the corresponding solubility data have been correlated using a chemical potential model derived from Kirkwood's theory of solutions of charged macro-ions and zwitterions in electrolyte solutions. The model correlated the chromatographic retention factor and the solubility data within the precision of the measurements. The model was applied in a pH range from 4 to 11. It was demonstrated experimentally, as well as theoretically, that an admixture of ethanol to the aqueous eluant changes the thermodynamic retention factor on various adsorbents identically when compared to the thermodynamic retention factor in an ethanol free eluant.     

Attenuated Organomagnesium Activation of White Phosphorus

Sequential reactions between a 2,6‐diisopropylphenyl‐substituted β‐diketiminato magnesium n‐butyl derivative and P₄ allow the highly discriminating synthesis of unusual [nBu₂P₄]^2? and [nBu₂P₈]^2? cluster dianions.     

Quantum Optimal Control Problems with a Sparsity Cost Functional

In this article, the investigation of a class of quantum optimal control problems with L¹ sparsity cost functionals is presented. The focus is on quantum systems modeled by Schrödinger-type equations with a bilinear control structure as it appears in many applications in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, quantum imaging, quantum computing, and in chemical and photochemical processes. In these problems, the choice of L¹ control spaces promotes sparse optimal control functions that are conveniently produced by laboratory pulse shapers. The characterization of L¹ quantum optimal controls and an efficient numerical semi-smooth Newton solution procedure are discussed.     

Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Indanes and Indenes

Indanes and indenes are among the most important carbocycles. Many indane and indene derivatives have shown important pharmacological activities, and the indane and indene nuclei are structural motifs present in several natural products of biological relevance. In spite of their importance, only a few reviews on their preparation methods have appeared so far in the literature, the most recent ones being published about ten years ago. The present Review is aimed at filling this gap, presenting some of the most important and innovative approaches to indanes and indenes that have been published in the course of the last ten years (coverage: from 2005 to May, 2015).     

Antimycoplasmic activity and seasonal variation of essential oil of Eugenia hiemalis Cambess. (Myrtaceae)

The purpose of this work was to study the chemical composition and antimycoplasmic and anticholinesterase activities of the essential oil of Eugenia hiemalis leaves collected throughout the year. A total of 42 compounds were identified by CG, and are present in almost every seasons. Sesquiterpenes were dominant (86.01–91.48%), and non-functionalised sesquiterpenes comprised the major fraction, which increased in the summer; monoterpenes were not identified. The major components were spathulenol (5.36–16.06%), δ-cadinene (7.50–15.93%), bicyclogermacrene (5.70–14.24%) and β-caryophyllene (4.80–9.43%). The highest oil yield was obtained in summer and autumn. Essential oils presented activity against three evaluated Mycoplasma strains, but no activity was observed in the anticholinesterase assay.     

Nanoflower‐Like Bi2WO6 Encapsulated in ORMOSIL as a Novel Photocatalytic Antifouling and Foul‐Release Coating

Herein, the first multi‐purpose antifouling and foul‐release photocatalytic coating based on ORMOSIL thin films doped with nanoflower‐like Bi₂WO₆ is described. Irradiation with visible light of the new films immersed in water produces significant amounts of H₂O₂ by photocatalytic oxidation of water, and allows the degradation of (bio)organic pollutants at the outer surface of the xerogel film.