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31.
Ranasinghe MI Varnavski OP Pawlas J Hauck SI Louie J Hartwig JF Goodson T 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2002,124(23):6520-6521
The search for a model that can be used to describe the optical excitation migration in dendrimers has attracted great attention. In most cases in a dendrimer the conjugation is disrupted at the branching point; however, the excitation is delocalized. The strength of interactions among neighboring chromophores plays a key role in determining the energy migration mechanism. Conversely, having many identical chromophores held tightly together in an ordered macromolecular architecture will allow for many dipoles to be accessible for optical excitation. Therefore, the relative orientation of dipoles will be important in determining the mechanism of energy migration. Here we report the synthesis and photo-physical investigation of triarylamine-based dendrimers. Two important synthetic steps were utilized in the synthesis. First, we employed diphenylmethyl protective groups on the amines to assist in deprotective hydrogenolysis of the larger structures. Second, highly active catalysts for formation of both di- and triarylamines that are based on a 1:1 ratio of P(t-Bu)3 and Pd(dba)2 improved reaction yields of the C-N bond formation and decreased reaction times The energy migration processes in the dendrimers were investigated utilizing ultrafast time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy measurements. The fluorescence anisotropy of all three dendrimers decayed to a residual value within approximately 100 fs. This fluorescence anisotropy decay showed a general trend in decreasing with increasing dendrimer generation. The residual anisotropy value also showed a gradual decrease with an increase in the dendrimer generation. This fast energy depolarization is discussed through a coherent excitonic mechanism among dipoles oriented in different directions. We believe that the formation of coherent domains leads to fast energy migration extending over a large part of the dendrimer. 相似文献
32.
Alexander V. Gusakov Arkady P. Sinitsyn Alejandro G. Berlin Nonna N. Popova Alexander V. Markov Oleg N. Okunev Dmitry F. Tikhomirov Mark Emalfarb 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1998,75(2-3):279-293
A model microassay system was developed to measure indigo backstaining on cotton fabrics in the presence of enzymes on a small
laboratory scale. Backstaining indexes for 11 cellulase samples were measured, and the enzymes were ranked from lower to higher
backstaining. Two multienzyme cellulase preparations were separated into fractions using chromatofocusing on a Mono P column.
Adsorption ability and backstaining properties of purified enzyme fractions were studied. Evidence was obtained that protein
adsorption on cotton fabrics is a crucial parameter causing backstaining (both for crude cellulase samples and purified enzyme
components). 相似文献
33.
Alex Berlin Neil Gilkes Douglas Kilburn Vera Maximenko Renata Bura Alexander Markov Anton Skomarovsky Alexander Gusakov Arkady Sinitsyn Oleg Okunev Irina Solovieva John N. Saddler 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2006,130(1-3):528-545
Seven cellulase preparations from Penicillium and Trichoderma spp. were evaluated for their ability to hydrolyze the cellulose fraction of hardwoods (yellow poplar and red maple) pretreated by organosolv extraction, as well as model cellulosic substrates such as filter paper. There was no significant correlation among hydrolytic performance on pretreated hardwood, based on glucose release, and filter paper activity. However, performance on pretreated hardwood showed significant correlations to the levels of endogenous β-glucosidase and xylanase activities in the cellulase preparation. Accordingly, differences in performance were reduced or eliminated following supplementation with a crude β-glucosidase preparation containing both activities. These results complement a previous investigation using softwoods pretreated by either organosolv extraction or steam explosion. Cellulase preparations that performed best on hardwood also showed superior performance on the softwood substrates. 相似文献
34.
Ye Gao YIN* Willis FORSLING Dan BOSTR諱 Oleg ANTZUTKIN Mats LINDBERG Alexander IVANOV Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science The University of Shantou Shantou Division of Inorganic Chemistry Department of Chemical Metallurgical Engineering Lule?University of Technology. Lule?se- Sweden Department of Chemistry Ume University Ume se-- Sweden 《中国化学快报》2003,14(2)
Owing to the particular affinity toward metal ion and changeable dentation, dialkyldithiophosphates are commonly used ligands in preparation of the transition metal complexes with variable structures1. For instances relevant to this work, the IIB metal complexes defined crystallographically so far have provided the examples as follows2-12 (Scheme 1). Scheme 1 The frameworks of IIB metal complexes of dialkyldithiophosphate MMMMMMMMMM a b c d … 相似文献
35.
A review of application of water-soluble cationic, anionic and nonionic polymers as pseudostationary phases in capillary electrophoresis (CE) and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) is presented. The effect of the structure of the polymers on the selectivity and efficiency of separation is discussed. A novel specially designed cationic polymer, 2,10-ionene, has been used for the separation of phenols. The polymer has hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts in its backbone. The polymer shows the best selectivity as a modifier in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE)-mode, which allows the selective determination of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic phenols. 相似文献
36.
The complexing processes in the triple cobalt(II)–dithiooxamide-formaldehyde and cobalt(II)–dithiooxamide-glyoxal systems taking place in the cobalt(II)hexacyanoferrate(II) gelatin-immobilized matrix in contact with aqueous alkaline solutions (pH ca. 12) containing (dithiooxamide+formaldehyde) and (dithiooxamide+glyoxal), have been studied. Template synthesis leading to macrocyclic coordination compounds with tetradentate N,N,S,S-donor ligands-(2,8-dithio-3,7-diaza-5-oxanonan-dithioamide-1,9) and (2,7-dithio-3,6-diazaoctadien-3,5-dithioamide-1,8) with CoII–CoIII redox-process occurs under these specific conditions where dithiooxamide, formaldehyde and glyoxal are the ligand synthons. 相似文献
37.
Remir G. Kostyanovsky Vladimir F. Rudchenko Oleg A. Dyachenko Ivan I. Chervin Aleksandr B. Zolotoi Lev O. Atovmyan 《Tetrahedron》1979,35(2):213-224
trans-Stereospecificity of the amidation of 1-alkoxyisoxazolidine-3,3-dicarboxylic ester (1) has been elucidated. Alkaline hydrolysis of monester 4 yielded the salt 6 which after its ion exchange in the form of S(?) and R-(+)-phenylethylammonium salts was completely separated into the enantiomeric salts (+10 and ?10). Esterification and amidation of these salts afforded antipodes 2 S-( +12) and 2 R-( ?12) containing only a nitrogen asymmetric center. Optical purities of the products were established on the basis of their NMR spectra with shift-reagent. Molecular and crystal structure as well as an absolute configuration of +10 were detected by means of X-ray analysis. 相似文献
38.
Scott VJ Celenligil-Cetin R Ozerov OV 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2005,127(9):2852-2853
Room-temperature catalytic hydrodefluorination of the strong C(sp3)-F bonds in benzotrifluorides and fluoropentane is catalyzed by Et3Si[B(C6F5)4] and uses Et3SiH as the source of H. Ar-CF3 compounds are converted to Ar-CH3 and fluropentane to pentane. The reaction is thought to proceed via abstraction of F- by Et3Si[B(C6F5)4], and the substituent effects are consistent with this hypothesis. 相似文献
39.
Svitlana R. Petrusenko Wolfgang Linert Viktoria V. Dyakonenko Oksana V. Nesterova Oleg V. Shishkin 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2006,62(7):m281-m283
The title salt, [Zn(C2N2H8)3]2[CdI4]I2, conventionally abbreviated [Zn(en)3]2[CdI4]I2, where en is ethylenediamine, contains discrete [Zn(en)3]2+ cations and [CdI4]2− anions with distorted octahedral and nearly tetrahedral geometries, respectively, as well as uncoordinated I− ions. The cation and the free I− anion lie on twofold rotation axes and the [CdI4]2− anion lies on a axis in the space group I2d. The structure exhibits numerous weak inter‐ionic hydrogen bonds of two types, viz. N—H⋯I−(free ion) and N—H⋯I([CdI4]2−), which support the resulting three‐dimensional framework. 相似文献
40.
Even systems in which strong electron correlation effects are present, such as the large near-degeneracy correlation in a
dissociating electron pair bond exemplified by stretched H2, are represented in the Kohn–Sham (KS) model of non-interacting electrons by a determinantal wavefunction built from the
KS molecular orbitals. As a contribution to the discussion on the status and meaning of the KS orbitals we investigate, for
the prototype system of H2 at large bond distance, and also for a one-dimensional molecular model, how the electron correlation effects show up in the
shape of the KS σ
g
orbital. KS orbitals φHL and φFCI obtained from the correlated Heitler-London and full configuration interaction wavefunctions are compared to the orbital
φLCAO, the traditional linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) form of the (approximate) Hartree-Fock orbital. Electron correlation
manifests itself in an essentially non-LCAO structure of the KS orbitals φHL and φFCI around the bond midpoint, which shows up particularly clearly in the Laplacian of the KS orbital. There are corresponding
features in the kinetic energy density t
s
of the KS system (a well around the bond midpoint) and in the one-electron KS potential v
s
(a peak). The KS features are lacking in the Hartree-Fock orbital, in a minimal LCAO approximation as well as in the exact
one.
Received: 11 December 1996 / Accepted: 10 January 1997 相似文献