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81.
Let u(x, y) be defined in B
1×B
2 where B
1
m
and B
2
n
, and assume that u(x, ·) harmonic for every fixed x and u(·, y) is subharmonic for every fixed y. We show that if u(·, y) is, in addition, C
2 for each y then u is subharmonic in B
1×B
2 in both variables jointly. 相似文献
82.
An analytical scheme is proposed which combines three speciation techniques for determination of particular Al species in soil extracts and percolating waters. A cation-exchange fast protein liquid chromatography — inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (FPLC-ICP-AES) procedure, a microcolumn chelating ion-exchange chromatography- atomic absorption spectrometry (MCC-ETAAS) technique and the 8-hydroxyquinoline spectrophotometric method (8HQ-spectrophotometry) were employed. The FPLC-ICP-AES procedure offers determination of Al3+ (retention time 4.5 min) and Al(OH)2+ species (retention time 4.0 min) which are separated from Al(OH)+
2 (retention time 1.5min). AlF2+ coelutes with Al(OH)2+ species, while Al(SO4)+, AlF+
2 and negatively charged Al organic complexes coelute with Al(OH)+
2 species. The MCC-ETAAS technique enables determination of the sum of positively charged monomeric aqua- and hydroxy-Al species plus sulphate- and fluoro-Al complexes. Employing the 8HQ-spectrophotometry the sum of positively charged monomeric aqua- and hydroxy-Al species plus sulphato- and most of the labile organic Al species are determined. The sensitivities of these selected techniques were adequate for speciation of Al in the samples analyzed. On the basis of the specific selectivity of a particular technique various groups of Al species may be determined. Thus, the comparison of analytical data from complementary procedures provides more comprehensive information on Al species present in soil extracts and percolating waters. 相似文献
83.
84.
85.
Shengkai Ko 《Tetrahedron letters》2006,47(50):8827-8829
A one-pot condensation of β-naphthol with aldehydes in the presence of Amberlyst-15 to give 14-substituted-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes under solvent-free condition is described. 相似文献
86.
Renata Kolano? Teresa Borowiak Grzegorz Dutkiewicz 《Journal of Molecular Structure》2005,737(1):75-81
The X-ray and spectroscopic results clearly indicate that the (+)-2-thiono-17-oxosparteine (1) and (+)-2,17-ditihionosparteine (2) are conformationally rigid. In order to analyze deviations of lactam/thiolactam groups from planarity induced by ring constraints, the Dunitz-Winkler approach has been used. The lactam and thiolactam groups are close to planarity, only the lactam group in one of the two independent molecules of 1 is markedly non-planar. The bond angles in the thiolactam and lactam groups are highly diverse. Rings A and C adopt a distorted sofa conformation in both compounds. The distortions in the molecules of 2 as compared with those in the related monothiolactams correspond to the unusual chemical shifts of H5(eq), H5(ax) and H11, as well as to the extremely low J5ax-6 and extremely large J5eq-6 coupling constants. Also chemical shifts show a similar regularity being extremely high and low for C2 and C17, respectively. 相似文献
87.
Jakub Kołacz Henry G. Gotjen Robel Y. Bekele Jason D. Myers Jesse A. Frantz Michael Ziemkiewicz 《Liquid crystals》2020,47(4):531-539
ABSTRACTIn a planar dielectric waveguide, weak confinement of a propagating mode in a high index core leads to a measurable evanescent interaction with the cladding. In this work, we study the effect of a reorientable anisotropic cladding on the behaviour of Transverse Electric (TE) and Transverse Magnetic (TM) mode polarisations using a liquid crystal (LC)-clad waveguide architecture. The polarised evanescent field of a guided mode interacts with a voltage-tunable birefringent LC cladding to deflect an out-coupled beam. Experimental measurements are coupled with a theoretical framework and show good consistency with simulation results. We isolate the effect of mode confinement by changing the thickness of the high index core. Interactions between the LC index ellipsoid and the mode polarisation are probed by changing the initial alignment of the LC. Finally, we examine the difference in deflection between TE and TM modes, which incorporates both a change in mode confinement and a difference in LC index components. 相似文献
88.
Krzysztof Stolarczyk Renata Bilewicz Anna Skwierawska Jan F. Biernat 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》2004,49(1-2):173-179
Properties of monolayers of azocrown compound self-assembled on gold substrates were studied using voltammetry and scanning tunneling microscopy. The surface concentrations of this compound in monolayers were determined from the area of the voltammetric reduction peaks. The area per one molecule estimated from voltammetry experiments is 0.65 nm2. This value was comparable with the limiting molecular area of the compound in the Langmuir–Blodgett film at the air–water interface. We also observed the presence of gold clusters and other gold structures by STM when a gold electrode modified with azocrown compound was dipped into the tetrachloroaurate solution. Even better spectra of clusters were obtained following one voltammetric scan in the range 0.5 to ?0.6 V. After more cycles or if we condition the electrode at 0.4 V the clusters aggregate into wires. 相似文献
89.
Cathodic stripping methods are described for the determination of traces of thiocyanate ions down to 2 × 10-8 mol l-1 and Cu(II) ions down to 1 × 10-8 mol l-1. The method involves electrolytic accumulation of copper(I) thiocyanate on the surface of a hanging mercury drop electrode followed by stripping of the deposit during the cathodic scan. For the determination of thiocyanate, a copper amalgam electrode can be used. Examples of application of the method for the determination of traces of thiocyanate in common salts, in saliva and urine as well as for the determination of copper(II) ions in tap water are described. 相似文献
90.