乙醇在TiO2(110)表面光催化解离的动力学和超快电子动态学 (cited: 2)

采用实时双光子光电子能谱和时间分辨双光子光电子能谱技术分别研究了乙醇在该表面光催化解离的动力学和超快电子动态学过程. 通过测量与乙醇光催化解离相关的电子激发态随时间的演化,发现这个反应满足分型动力学. 乙醇在还原性TiO₂(110)上的光催化解离比在氧化性表面快,这归结于缺陷的存在降低了反应能垒. 这样一个反应的加速过程很可能是与缺陷电子相关的. 通过干涉双脉冲相关的测量,得到了乙醇-TiO₂界面电子激发态的超快动态学. 与甲醇的情况类似,这个电子激发态的寿命为24 fs. 激发态的出现为TiO₂和它周围环境的电子转移提供了一个通道.     

基于遗传优化的西太平洋副高异常活动年份的动力预报模型反演

基于2000–2010年NECR/NECP的500 hPa位势场资料, 用EOF时空分解方法和动力模型重构思想, 通过遗传算法的全局优化搜索和并行计算途径, 开展了500 hPa位势场动力预报模型反演, 建立了刻画副高活动的非线性动力预报模型, 实现了副高活动的中长期预报. 模型预报试验表明, 该模型对副高的中长期活动, 尤其是异常活动能够较好地描述和预报, 进而为副高等复杂天气系统的预报探索了新的方法思路. 关键词： 副热带高压 500 hPa位势场 动力模型反演 遗传算法     

复杂网络中节点重要性排序的研究进展

如何用定量分析的方法识别超大规模网络中哪些节点最重要, 或者评价某个节点相对于其他一个或多个节点的重要程度, 这是复杂网络研究中亟待解决的重要问题之一. 本文分别从网络结构和传播动力学的角度, 对现有的复杂网络中节点重要性排序方法进行了系统的回顾,总结了节点重要性排序方法的最新研究进展, 并对不同的节点重要性排序指标的优缺点以及适用环境进行了分析, 最后指出了这一领域中几个有待解决的问题及可能的发展方向. 关键词： 复杂网络 节点重要性 网络结构 传播动力学     

Fabrication of rhenium Josephson junctions

Rhenium is a superconductor with a relatively weak tendency to oxidize, which is advantageous in superconducting quantum circuit and qubit applications. In this work, Re/A1-A1Ox/Re Josephson tunnel junctions were fabricated using a selective film-etching process similar to that developed in Nb trilayer technology. The Re films had a superconducting transition temperature of 4.8 K and a transition width of 0.2 K. The junctions were found to be highly reproducible using the fabrication process and their characteristics had good quality with a low leakage current and showed a superconducting gap of 0.55 meV.     

Efficiency and droop improvement in a blue InGaN-based light emitting diode with a p-InGaN layer inserted in the GaN barriers

The advantages of a blue InGaN-based light-emitting diode with a p-InGaN layer inserted in the GaN barriers is studied. The carrier concentration in the quantum well, radiative recombination rate in the active region, output power, and internal quantum efficiency are investigated. The simulation results show that the InGaN-based light-emitting diode with a p-InGaN layer inserted in the barriers has better performance over its conventional counterpart and the light emitting diode with p-GaN inserted in the barriers. The improvement is due to enhanced Mg acceptor activation and enhanced hole injection into the quantum wells.     

Charge state effect on the K-shell ionization of iron by xenon ions near the Bohr velocity

Fe K-shell ionization cross sections induced by 2.4–6.0 MeV Xe20+are measured and compared with different binaryencounter-approximation(BEA)models.The results indicate that the BEA model corrected both by the Coulomb repulsion and by the effective nuclear charge(Zeff)agrees well with the experimental data.Comparison of Fe K-shell X-ray emission induced by 5 MeV xenon ions with different initial charge states(20+,22+,26+,30+)verifies the applicability of the effective nuclear charge(Zeff)correction for the BEA model.It is found that Zeffcorrection is reasonable to describe direct ionization induced by xenon ions with no initial M-shell vacancies.However,when the M shell is opened,the Zeffcorrected BEA model is unable to explain the inner-shell ionization,and the electron transfer by molecular-orbital promotion should be considered.     

Experimental investigation of a flowing fluid layer on metal surface roughness measurement and aberration correction using adaptive optics

The induced optical aberration of laser beam passing through a transparent flowing fluid layer on a metal specimen is experimentally and empirical formula studied. The proposed study presents an experimental investigation of metal surface roughness measurement by combining an optical probe of laser-scattering phenomena and adaptive optics (AO) for aberration correction. In the absence of the AO correction scheme, induced flow velocity of 0.278 m/s can severely degrade the residual wavefront root mean square (RMS) error to 0.58 μm and decrease the scattered laser intensity. Real-time AO correction in closed-loop at a sampling rate of 8Hz can reduce the wavefront RMS error to 0.19 μm and improve the attenuation of scattered laser intensity. The maximum relative error of the estimated roughness (R _a) is less than 7.8% compared with the stylus method. The experimental results show satisfactory correction in the presence of a flowing fluid layer using the AO system.     

Imprints of molecular orbitals using photoelectron angular distribution by strong laser pulses of circular polarization

We theoretically investigate the strong-field ionization of H+2 molecules in four different electronic states by calculating photoelectron angular distributions in circularly polarized fields. We find that the structure of photoelectron angular distribution depends on the molecular orbital as well as the energy of the photoelectron. The location of main lobes changes with the symmetric property of the molecular orbital. Generally, for molecules with bonding electronic states, the photoelectron's angular distribution shows a rotation of π/2 with respect to the molecular axis, while for molecules with antibonding electronic states, no rotation occurs. We use an interference scenario to interpret these phenomena. We also find that, due to the interference effect, a new pair of jets appears in the waist of the main lobes, and the main lobes or jets of the photoelectron's angular distribution are split into two parts if the photoelectron energy is sufficiently high.     

一种由自由电子能带模型计算费米能级的方法

对面心立方（fcc)、体心立方（bcc)和六角密堆积（hcp)三种不同结构的晶体,在假设它们的原胞中包含8个价电子并将价电子近似为自由电子的情况下,采用“自由电子气理论”和“自由电子能带模型”,研究其根据费米球确定的费米能级EF与根据自由电子能带模型计算的平均键能Em。研究结果表明,由自由电子能带模型计算所得3种不同结构晶体（因而电子密度也不一样）的平均键能Em等于各自自由电子系统的费米能级EF。平均键能Em是我们在异质结带阶理论计算中建议的一种参考能级,研究结果在深化对平均键能Em物理实质认识的同时,提供了一种借助于自由电子能带模型计算自由电子系统费米能级EF的新方法。     

Nondestructive rare earth element imaging of fish teeth from deep‐sea sediments

X‐ray fluorescence computed tomography is an emerging imaging modality that allows for the nondestructive reconstruction of the internal distribution of elements within a sample. The common use of X‐ray excitation energy (up to approximately 20 keV) has necessitated the use of l ‐shell fluorescence for heavy elements. In this study, based on high energy X‐ray at BL13W1 of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, we employed high‐energy excitation for tomographic imaging of the heavy metals (rare earth elements) in fish teeth from deep‐sea sediments on the micrometer scale using K‐shell X‐ray fluorescence. The virtual cross‐sectional distribution of La, Ce, Pm, Pr, Nd, and Sm were obtained, thereby providing a feasible approach for analyzing the enrichment mechanism of rare earth elements. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.