Fast image enlargement using predefined codebook and eigenspace backprojection for lost pixel

In this paper, a new image enlargement method applying the backprojection for lost pixel (BPLP) to the predefined codebook-based method is proposed. BPLP is a method for image restoration. In BPLP, the eigenspace reflecting the characteristics of an input image is generated from the remained pixels and is used to restore the missing pixels. In the proposed method, the eigenspace is replaced by one generated from the predefined codebook (PDC). PDC represents edge-blurring properties in a small image patch and consists of pairs of low- and high-frequency image patches on various edge patterns. By replacing the PDC-based estimation of lost high-frequency components with BPLP, a fast image enlargement method retaining its performance can be developed. Through some experiments, the effectiveness of the proposed method was demonstrated. Especially, it was confirmed that the processing time of the proposed method was shortened to about 1/50 that of the PDC-based method.     

Reduction of acoustic radiation by perforated board and honeycomb layer systems

A perforated system, proposed previously for reducing the radiated sound from a plate at arbitrary frequencies, is applied to three-dimensional problem. Plates are assumed to be supported in a duct of a finite cross-section and excited by a harmonic point force. The sound radiation is investigated from the viewpoint of acoustic power and it is discussed whether the attenuation effect shown previously in the one-dimensional system can be obtained with the three-dimensional system. The effect of support conditions on attenuation characteristics is discussed by using clamped and simply supported circular models. Allowing for the effect, a simply supported rectangular model is studied in detail and its problems are revealed. In order to overcome the problems, a new system including subdivided air cavities in the form of a honeycomb layer instead of a undivided backing cavity is proposed. Each of the honeycomb cells can create local one-dimensional sound fields. Calculated theoretical results are compared to data obtained in a 1/5th scale reverberation chamber. The results for the reduction effect, which are in good agreement, show that the honeycomb layer system can achieve the same reduction of the radiated sound power at arbitrary frequencies as the one-dimensional perforated system.     

Interaction of Short Laser Pulses in Wavelength Range from Infrared to X‐ray with Metals,Semiconductors, and Dielectrics

Laser‐matter interaction is defined by an electronic band structure of condensed matter and frequency ω_L of electromagnetic radiation. In the range of moderate fluences, the energy absorbed by electrons from radiation finally thermalizes in the ion thermal energy. The thermalization processes are different for optical as compared with X‐ray quanta and for metals relative to semiconductors and dielectrics, since the light absorption and electron‐electron, electron‐ion dynamics are sensitive to the electron population in a conduction band and the width of a forbidden gap. Although the thermalization processes are different, the final state is simply a heated matter. Laser heating creates powerful stresses in a target if duration of a laser pulse τ_L is short in acoustic time scale. Nucleation and material removal take place under such stresses. Such way of removal is called here the spallative ablation. Thus the spallative ablation is an ablation mechanism universally important for qualitatively different materials and quanta (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Photoabsorption spectra of CF3I and thermally dissociated CF3I near the C 1s, I 3d and F 1s ionisation thresholds

We report soft X-ray total ion yield and angular-resolved ion yield spectra of CF₃I in the C 1s, I 3d and F 1s ionisation regions, and tentatively assign the observed electronic states. Anisotropy in ion yield is observed only for the C transition, indicating that the dipole moment for this transition is parallel to the C_3v. The effusive source of CF₃I is heated to 800 K to produce a mixture of CF₃ and I, and the resulting spectra are compared to those recorded at room temperature.     

Novel macroscopic BC3 honeycomb sheet

We have successfully grown a uniform BC₃ honeycomb sheet with high crystalline quality over the entire macroscopic area of the NbB₂ (0001) surface by carbon-substituted technique in a boron honeycomb. This is the first macroscopic uniform sheet of single-crystal BC₃ with a monolayer thickness. So far, only BC₃ micro-crystals with radii of a few nanometres were produced. The properties of the sheet have been investigated by using XPS, AES, LEED, STM, ARUPS and HREELS. All the experimental data and the theoretical calculations, which are concerning with atomic structure, chemical concentration, and phonon structure, indicated that the uniform BC₃ honeycomb sheet was grown in an epitaxial manner to the substrate lattice.     

Determination of the change of nuclear charge radius of the119Sn Mössbauer transition by internal conversion

Radioactive¹¹⁹Sb was implanted into six host matrices (CaSnO₃, Pt, Y, Au,-Sn, Pb) and internal conversion electrons of the 23.87 keV transition in¹¹⁹Sn were measured with an iron-free magnetic spectrometer as well as Mössbauer spectra. In the analysis of the conversion spectra of outermost electrons, the overlapping K-LM Auger lines were subtracted using the Auger spectrum of tin measured with another source of^117mSn, and the shake-off effect accompanying the conversion process was considered. From the correlation between the Mössbauer isomer shifts and the intensity ratios of O-shell to N₁-shell conversion electrons, the change of the nuclear charge radius of the 23.87 keV transition of¹¹⁹Sn was deduced to be R/R=(0.87 ± 0.25) × 10^–4 for a uniform charge distribution ofR= 1.2 ×A ^1/3 fm or, equivalently, r²>—=(3.6 ± 1.0) ×10^–3 fm².     

Effects of strain path shapes on non-proportional cyclic plasticity

The title problem was discussed to facilitate the formulation of constitutive models of cyclic plasticity under general states of loading. A series of plastic strain controlled cyclic tests was performed by applying combined axial force and torque to thin-walled tubular specimens of Type 316 stainless steel at room temperature. These tests consist of cyclic loading along uniaxial, torsional, cruciform, stellate in eight directions, square and circular plastic strain paths with a constant amplitude of equivalent plastic strain.The results of these tests showed that the strain-hardening depends markedly on the shape of the plastic strain path, and that the strain-hardening (measured by equivalent stress amplitudes) in the saturated state is significant in the order of circular, square, stellate, cruciform and proportional paths. It was also observed that these saturated values were independent of the less significant plastic strain cycles experienced in the past. Finally, the characteristic features of strain-hardening mechanisms under non-proportional loadings were discussed in some detail on the basis of the present results.     

Measurement of the spectral distribution of a multi-mode dye laser light by using speckle patterns

A simple method of measuring the wavelength γ₁ and the spectral line spacing Δγ of a multi-mode dye laser light by using the correlated speckle patterns produced at the far-field of a diffuser is proposed. Examples of the obtained values of γ₁ and Δγ are 6.0 × 10³ Å and 3.0 × 10¹ Å, respectively.     

Pico-second spectroscopy of the secondary radiation from resonantly excited excitonic molecules in CuCl

Pico-second time-resolved measurements of the two-photon resonant Raman scattering via excitonic molecules in CuCl were carried out for the first time. The Raman scattering leaving transverse excitons decays as fast as the laser light. When the energy of the incident light falls in the vicinity of the two-photon resonant absorption, both Raman and luminescence lines are simultaneously observed. In case of just resonant excitation, the transient response indicates that the secondary radiation can be decomposed into the Raman and the luminescence components as regards its temporal and spectral behavior.