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11.
Vocal fold nodules (VNs) in children are benign, bilateral lesions occurring on the mid-membranous vocal folds. Repetitive phonotraumatic behavior leading to chronic vocal fold injury and repair is frequently cited as the primary etiology; however, specific behavioral characteristics may predispose some children toward intense and potentially phonotraumatic voice use, thereby contributing secondarily to VN formation. The purpose of this case-control study was to determine whether children with VNs possess unique behavioral characteristics that may predispose them to VN development. Parents of 26 children with VNs (20 boys, 6 girls, mean age=7.2 years, SD=2.5 years), and 29 vocally normal, medical controls (22 boys, 7 girls, mean age=6.7 years, SD=2.4), completed the Childhood Behavior Checklist (CBCL/4-18, Achenbach, 1991), a standardized parent-rating scale with strong psychometric properties. No significant between-group differences were detected on any of the behavior problem syndrome scales. Group differences approached significance for the individual items "screams a lot" and "teases a lot" (VN group > Controls). The VN group scored significantly higher than the controls on the "Social Scale," a compilation of positive ratings of the child's social activity, frequency of contacts with friends, behavior with others, and behavior by themselves. Observed outcomes were consistent with previous characterizations of children with VN as "outgoing" or "extroverted" but were not consistent with other claims that this population may be at risk for "aggressive," "attentional," or "impulsive" behavior problems. 相似文献
12.
A. O’Riordan T. Dean M. Pez G. Redmond 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2005,80(3):467-471
A novel programmable force field method is presented which enables controlled electric field assisted transport and localization of microdevices at silicon chip substrates. Electrically addressable chips bearing n×n arrays of receptor electrode sites are developed and field directed assembly methods are optimized for on-chip transport, trapping and integration of sub-100 m discrete GaAs-based optoelectronic devices. Tweezer-less field assisted manipulation and trapping of discrete 50 m diameter 670 nm emitting GaAs-based light emitting diodes is achieved. Following assembly in this manner, the LED devices are permanently integrated by solder reflow bonding to the receptor sites enabling direct device electrical characterization and successful demonstration of light emission. PACS 81.16Dn; 81.05.Hd; 42.82.Fv; 42.82.Gw 相似文献
13.
Biancardo M Quinn AJ Floyd L Mendes PM Briggs SS Preece JA Bignozzi CA Redmond G 《The journal of physical chemistry. B》2005,109(18):8718-8722
We report on charge transport measurements through laterally contacted assemblies of Au nanoparticles capped with 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid ligands. Both alternating- and direct-current data indicate that although the nanoparticles behave as electrically isolated metallic islands, there is a significant influence from the nanoparticle environment, indicating the existence of a slow reorganization process linked to charge transport. On the basis of the observation of temperature-dependent hysteresis of charge tunneling, we propose that this process is due to proton transfer between the carboxylic acid tails of the ligands. 相似文献
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David B. Redmond Charles M. Quinn Patrick W. Fowler 《Journal of mathematical chemistry》1998,23(3-4):263-276
Some new aspects of qualitative molecular-orbital theory are developed within the context of group theory and a symmetrized
Hückel approximation. Conclusions concerning the eigenvalue sums for sets of eigenfunctions of the same symmetries, the occurrence
of repetitions of symmetry-adapted projections and the relations between eigenvalues of Γg and Γu symmetries are exemplified using the 120 cage structure of Ih point symmetry. The implications of the orbit-by-orbit approach are outlined for larger clusters.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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17.
Min Yao Chuan Gu Francis J. Doyle Jr. Hong Zhu Robert W. Redmond Irene E. Kochevar 《Photochemistry and photobiology》2014,90(2):297-305
Photosensitized protein cross‐linking has been recently developed to seal wounds and strengthen tissue. Although the photosensitizing dye, Rose Bengal (RB), is phototoxic to cultured cells, cytotoxicity does not accompany RB‐photosensitized tissue repair in vivo. We investigated whether the environment surrounding cells in tissue or the high irradiances used for photo–cross‐linking inhibited RB phototoxicity. Fibroblasts (FB) grown within collagen gels to mimic a tissue environment and monolayer cultured FB were treated with RB (0.01–1 mm ) and the high 532 nm laser irradiances used in vivo for tissue repair (0.10–0.50 W cm?2). Monolayer FB were substantially more sensitive to RB photosensitization: the LD50 was >200‐fold lower than that in collagen gels. Collagen gel protection was associated with increased Akt phosphorylation, a prosurvival pathway. RB phototoxicity in collagen gels was 25‐fold greater at low (0.030 W cm?2) that at high (0.50 W cm?2) irradiances. Oxygen depletion at high irradiance only partially accounted for the irradiance dependence of phototoxicity as replacing air with nitrogen only increased the LD50 by four‐fold in monolayers. These results indicate that the lack of RB phototoxicity during in vivo tissue repair results from upregulation of prosurvival pathways in tissue cells, oxygen depletion and irradiance‐dependent RB photochemistry. 相似文献
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We study the photoreduction of adsorbed copper ions onto Au nanoparticles, on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode in an aqueous electrochemical cell, as a function of applied voltage and laser intensity. The photocurrent is a nonlinear function of laser intensity and increases sharply with cathodic voltage in the underpotential deposition region. The photoreduction is attributed to laser heating of the Au nanoparticles rather than "hot electron" processes. Numerical simulation of the Butler-Volmer kinetic equation using experimental parameters predicts a several orders of magnitude increase in current for a temperature rise of a few Kelvin. 相似文献
20.
Shane P. Redmond 《代数通讯》2013,41(7):2389-2401
For a commutative ring R with identity, the zero-divisor graph, Γ(R), is the graph with vertices the nonzero zero-divisors of R and edges between distinct vertices x and y whenever xy = 0. This article gives a proof that the radius of Γ(R) is 0, 1, or 2 if R is Noetherian. The center union {0} is shown to be a union of annihilator ideals if R is Artinian. The diameter of Γ(R) can be determined once the center is identified. If R is finite, then the median is shown to be a subset of the center. A dominating set of Γ(R) is constructed using elements of the center when R is Artinian. It is shown that for a finite ring R ? ?2 × F for some finite field F, the domination number of Γ(R) is equal to the number of distinct maximal ideals of R. Other results on the structure of Γ(R) are also presented. 相似文献