Natural electroweak symmetry breaking in generalised mirror matter models

It has recently been pointed out that the mirror or twin Higgs model is more technically natural than the standard model, thus alleviating the “little” hierarchy problem. In this Letter we generalise the analysis to models with an arbitrary number of isomorphic standard model sectors, and demonstrate that technical naturalness increases with the number of additional sectors. We consider two kinds of models. The first has N standard model sectors symmetric under arbitrary permutations thereof. The second has p left-chiral standard model sectors and p right-chiral or mirror standard model sectors, with p  -fold permutation symmetries within both and a discrete parity transformation interchanging left and right. In both kinds of models the lightest scalar has an invisible width fraction 1/N$1/N$, which will provide an important means of experimentally testing this class of models.     

Hypercube subgraphs with minimal detours

Define a minimal detour subgraph of the n-dimensional cube to be a spanning subgraph G of Q_n having the property that for vertices x, y of Q_n, distances are related by d_G(x, y) ≤ d_Qn(x, y) + 2. Let f(n) be the minimum number of edges of such a subgraph of Q_n. After preliminary work on distances in subgraphs of product graphs, we show that The subgraphs we construct to establish this bound have the property that the longest distances are the same as in Q_n, and thus the diameter does not increase. We establish a lower bound for f(n), show that vertices of high degree must be distributed throughout a minimal detour subgraph of Q_n, and end with conjectures and questions. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Combining Complex and Radial Slave Boson Fields within the Kotliar–Ruckenstein Representation of Correlated Impurities

The gauge symmetry group of any slave boson representation allows to gauge away the phase of bosonic fields. One benefit of this radial field formulation is the elimination of spurious Bose condensations when saddle-point approximation is performed. Within the Kotliar–Ruckenstein representation, three of the four bosonic fields can be radial while the last one has to remain complex. In this work, the procedure to carry out the functional integration involving constrained fermionic fields, complex bosonic fields, and radial bosonic fields is presented. The correctness of the representation is verified by exactly evaluating the partition function and the Green's function of the Hubbard model in the atomic limit.     

Synchrotron X‐ray tests of an L‐shaped laterally graded multilayer mirror for the analyzer system of the ultra‐high‐resolution IXS spectrometer at NSLS‐II

Characterization and testing of an L‐shaped laterally graded multilayer mirror are presented. This mirror is designed as a two‐dimensional collimating optics for the analyzer system of the ultra‐high‐resolution inelastic X‐ray scattering (IXS) spectrometer at National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS‐II). The characterization includes point‐to‐point reflectivity measurements, lattice parameter determination and mirror metrology (figure, slope error and roughness). The synchrotron X‐ray test of the mirror was carried out reversely as a focusing device. The results show that the L‐shaped laterally graded multilayer mirror is suitable to be used, with high efficiency, for the analyzer system of the IXS spectrometer at NSLS‐II.     

Constitutive theory for a mixture of an isotropic elastic solid and a non-Newtonian fluid

Zusammenfassung Greens undNaghdis Formulierung der Theorie von in Wechselwirkung stehenden Kontinua benützend, leiten wir in dieser Abhandlung eine allgemeine (d.h. nichtlineare) Theorie ab, welche das thermomechanische Verhalten eines isotropischen elastischen Körpers, der von einer nicht-Newtonschen zähen Flüssigkeit durchdrungen ist, beschreibt. Konstitutive Gleichungen für Mixturen dieser Art werden zuerst postuliert und dann zu einer expliziten Form reduziert mit Hilfe von auf Tensor-Invarianten gewonnenen Resultaten. Dann untersuchen wir eine Klasse von Kräftereihe-Lösungen von Feldgleichungen und benützen ein iteratives Verfahren zur Lösung dieser Gleichungen, von denen jedes Stadium die Lösung von Lineargleichungen zur Voraussetzung hat. Das erste Stadium stellt eine linearisierte Theorie dar, für welche thermodynamische Reduktionen von der Ungleichheit bei der Wärmegewichtserzeugung abgeleitet werden. Schliesslich geben wir kurze Hinweise auf die dissipativen Mechanismen, welche die Erzeugung von Wellen mit kleiner Amplitude in der von uns behandelten Klasse von Mixturen affiziert.     

A polynomial oracle-time algorithm for convex integer minimization

In this paper we consider the solution of certain convex integer minimization problems via greedy augmentation procedures. We show that a greedy augmentation procedure that employs only directions from certain Graver bases needs only polynomially many augmentation steps to solve the given problem. We extend these results to convex N-fold integer minimization problems and to convex 2-stage stochastic integer minimization problems. Finally, we present some applications of convex N-fold integer minimization problems for which our approach provides polynomial time solution algorithms.     

Laser-induced fluorescence imaging of subsurface tissue structures with a volume holographic spatial-spectral imaging system

A three-dimensional imaging system incorporating multiplexed holographic gratings to visualize fluorescence tissue structures is presented. Holographic gratings formed in volume recording materials such as a phenanthrenquinone poly(methyl methacrylate) photopolymer have narrowband angular and spectral transmittance filtering properties that enable obtaining spatial-spectral information within an object. We demonstrate this imaging system's ability to obtain multiple depth-resolved fluorescence images simultaneously.     

The effect of head position on glottic closure in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis

The present study was designed to assess the effect of head position on glottic closure as reflected in airflow rates (open quotient and maximum flow declination rate), in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Ten patients, 2 males and 8 females ranging in age from 40 to 75, with a mean age of 57.3, served as subjects. Airflow measures were taken during sustained phonation of two vowels (/i/ and /a/) in 3 head positions (center, right, left). Vowels /i/ and /a/ were produced at subject's comfortable pitch and loudness, with random ordering of both vowel order and head orientation. Subjects were trained to focus eye gaze on right and left markers (70-degree angle) and a central marker at eye level directly in front of the subject. Theoretically, if turning the head during phonation alters the laryngeal anatomic relationship by bringing the vocal folds in closer proximity to one another, then airflow rate should lessen. Our results indicate that head position does not improve glottic closure in these patients, which is in contrast to previously published research.(1) Our results question the utility and underlying theoretical construct for the use of head turning as a therapeutic technique for improvement of voice in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis.     

Aromatic compounds produced by endophytic fungi isolated from red alga Asparagopsis taxiformis - Falkenbergia stage

Endophytic fungi were isolated from red alga Asparagopsis taxiformis - Falkenbergia stage, collected from the Brazilian coast, and were identified as Annulohypoxylon stygium (AT-03) and A. yungensis (AT-06) based on their macro/micromorphological and molecular features. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the EtOAc extract from laboratory cultures of both strains yielded known compounds pyrogallol from A. stygium, (3R)-scytalone and (3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-scytalone from A. yungensis. Pyrogallol was active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli strains. An inactive fraction from A. stygium afforded two additional compounds, (3R,4R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-1-tetralone and tyrosol. Optically active compounds had their stereochemistry determined by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy.